Environmental factors and breast cancer

Strumylaitė, Loreta; Mechonosina, Kristina; Tamašauskas, Šarūnas

doi:10.3390/medicina46120121

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Recent clinical studies revealed that high concentrations of Cd (ranging from 3.2 to 86.9 g/g) were found in breast tissues of breast cancer patients (68), which was significantly higher than in normal breast tissue controls (0.022 μg/g) (69). Although these studies suggest a correlation between Cd exposure and incidence of breast cancer, they fail to determine whether Cd is a major source for the etiology of breast cancer.…”

Section: Cadmium and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis

Luevano

Damodaran

2014

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol

173

102

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Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic, heavy industrial metal that poses serious environmental health hazards to both humans and wildlife. Lately, Cd and Cd containing compounds have been classified as known human carcinogens and epidemiological data show causal associations with prostate, breast and lung cancer. The molecular mechanisms involved in Cd-induced carcinogenesis are poorly understood and are only now beginning to be elucidated. The effects of chronic exposure to Cd have recently become of great interest due to the development of malignancies in Cd-induced tumorigenesis in animal. Briefly, various in vitro studies demonstrate that Cd can act as a mitogen, stimulate cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and DNA repair, and induce carcinogenesis in several mammalian tissues and organs. Thus, the various mechanisms involved in chronic Cd exposure and malignant transformations warrant further investigation. In this review, we will focus on recent evidence of various leading general and tissue specific molecular mechanisms that follow chronic exposure to Cd in prostate, breast and lung transformed malignancies. In addition, this review considers less defined mechanisms such as epigenetic modification and autophagy, which are thought to play a role in the development of Cd-induced malignant transformation.

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Section: Cadmium and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis

Luevano

Damodaran

2014

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol

173

102

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“…There was a strong positive association between levels of DDE and DDT, and both age and waist-to-hip ratio [1,31]. Since DDT has been banned from the United States for many decades, it is not surprising that older women have higher levels of both DDT and its metabolite DDE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of breast cancer has increased markedly since the 1940s, as have environmental factors that are implicated as potential contributors to risk [1]. Exploration of a class of environmental contaminants, known as organochlorines, and their associations with hormonally-linked cancers has been cited as an area of interest [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Obesity, Body Fat Distribution, Weight Loss and Weight Cycling on Serum Pesticide Concentrations

et al. 2016

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Objective Preliminary studies suggest pesticides may be linked to increased cancer risk. Since most pesticides are lipophilic and stored within adipose tissue, serum levels of organochlorines are affected not only by environmental exposures, but also by factors related to lipid turnover and storage. Our objective was to investigate whether serum organochlorines are influenced by weight loss, body fat distribution, and weight cycling. Methods Ten overweight women were recruited upon entry into a weight loss program and surveyed regarding weight history, childbearing/lactation, and exposure to environmental contaminants. Anthropometric measures and phlebotomy were conducted at baseline and at four weeks (mean weight loss=5.1 kg). Serum was analyzed for 19 common polychlorinated pesticides and metabolites and 10 PCB congeners. Results Organochlorine levels were not significantly affected by weight loss nor associated with body mass index (BMI). Strong positive correlations were noted between levels of DDE/DDT and age (DDE β=0.6986/p=0.0246/DDT β=0.6536/p=0.0404) and between DDE/DDT and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (DDE β=0.4356/p=0.0447/DDT β=0.8108/p=0.0044). Trends were noted for decreased levels of DDT in women who reported more episodes of weight cycling. Conclusion Serum organochlorine levels may be affected not only by age, but also factors related to lipid turnover (i.e., episodes of weight cycling and WHR), and warrants further study.

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“…Previous reports have shown that XEs decrease sperm number, and lead to the incomplete descent of the testicles (Aly et al, 2012;Jie et al, 2010). XEs may also cause breast or prostate cancer by exerting estrogen-like actions (Prins 2008;Strumylaite et al, 2010). Nonylphenol (NP) is a typical XEs, which is widely used in industrial and consumer surfactants, plastics, and polystyrene as a surfactant, plasticizer or antioxidant (Riva et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%