Environmental exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents

Vučinić, Slavica; Antonijević, Biljana; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Vassilopoulou, Loukia; Docea, Anca Oana; Nosyrev, Alexander E.; Izotov, Boris N.; Thiermann, Horst; Drakoulis, Nikolaos; Brkic, Dragica

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.004

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…33,60 Energetic materials, nitroaromatic explosive, and organophosphorus nerve agents are among the deadliest warfare-related materials identified in soils. 61,62 Humans can be exposed to soil chemicals, pathogens, and minerals by respiration, skin absorption or penetration, and ingestion. 56 Several indices have been developed to assess the impact of contaminated soil on cancer through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact.…”

Section: Remerging As a Problem In Europe 740 Million People Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Brevik

Slaughter

Singh

et al. 2020

Air, Soil and Water Research

179

109

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Soil influences human health in a variety of ways, with human health being linked to the health of the soil. Historically, emphasis has been placed on the negative impacts that soils have on human health, including exposures to toxins and pathogenic organisms or the problems created by growing crops in nutrient-deficient soils. However, there are a number of positive ways that soils enhance human health, from food production and nutrient supply to the supply of medications and enhancement of the immune system. It is increasingly recognized that the soil is an ecosystem with a myriad of interconnected parts, each influencing the other, and when all necessary parts are present and functioning (ie, the soil is healthy), human health also benefits. Despite the advances that have been made, there are still many areas that need additional investigation. We do not have a good understanding of how chemical mixtures in the environment influence human health, and chemical mixtures in soil are the rule, not the exception. We also have sparse information on how most chemicals react within the chemically and biologically active soil ecosystem, and what those reactions mean for human health. There is a need to better integrate soil ecology and agronomic crop production with human health, food/nutrition science, and genetics to enhance bacterial and fungal sequencing capabilities, metagenomics, and the subsequent analysis and interpretation. While considerable work has focused on soil microbiology, the macroorganisms have received much less attention regarding links to human health and need considerable attention. Finally, there is a pressing need to effectively communicate soil and human health connections to our broader society, as people cannot act on information they do not have. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers, including scientists, social scientists, and others, will be essential to move all these issues forward.

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Section: Remerging As a Problem In Europe 740 Million People Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Brevik

Slaughter

Singh

et al. 2020

Air, Soil and Water Research

179

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Nerve agents, organophosphate containing chemical warfare agents, are among the most toxic chemicals known to mankind [1]. They can inactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which is a key central nervous system (CNS) enzyme responsible for the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine; thus, leading to rapid and severe adverse effects on the environment, human and animals [2,3]. Several nerve agents of the G- [tabun (GA), sarin (GB), chlorosarin (GC) and soman (GD)] and V-series (VE, VR, VS and VX) have been deployed not only in warfare but also in acts of terrorism and high-profile assassinations [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical study of the molecular aspect of the suspected novichok agent A234 of the Skripal poisoning

2019

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Novichoks are the suspected nerve agents in the March 2018 Skripal poisoning. In this context, the novichok agent A234 (chemical structure proposed by Mirzayanov) was studied using computational methods to shed light on its molecular, electronic, spectroscopic, thermodynamic and toxicity parameters as well as on potential thermal and hydrolysis degradation pathways. The poisoning action and antidote of A234 were also investigated. Some of these parameters were compared to three common G- and V-series nerve agents, namely GB, VR and VX. The research findings should be useful towards the detection, development of antidotes and destruction of A234.

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“…Exposure to organ phosphorus nerve agents, the most deadly warfare agents are sulphur mustard, Lewisite and nerve agents appear to be the most frequently chemical warfare agents disposed of at the sea. The biomarker detection and identification of exposure are important for the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning, in addition to health monitoring for specific workers [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity and Mortality Indicators in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning in Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt: Retrospective Study

Amin¹,

Abaza²,

Azawy³

et al. 2018

ODEM

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Introduction: Organ phosphorus (OP) toxicity has been studied extensively because of its world wide use. Toxicity of organophosphates is the result of inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase resulting in cholinergic signs. Aim of the Work: To evaluate initial indicators that can indicate prognosis of patients in OP poisoning. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study conducted in Zagazig university hospital over a year. OP poisoning was clinically diagnosed with history of OP compound exposure and confirmed by low pseudo cholinesterase levels. Results: In the present study, 76 patients were enrolled. Major cases were male. High mortality rates were in the youth and in prolonged ventilated patients. The mortality rate was proportionally related to lag time after exposure and plasma pseudo cholinesterase levels. Electrolyte disturbance did not affect clinical outcome. Conclusion: From this study, it could be concluded that mortality is directly proportionate to the lag time, amount of OP consumed, clinical severity, pseudo cholinesterase levels and duration of ventilator support. This study helps in rapid diagnosis, and rapid early and effective treatment, which may result in decreasing the morbidity and mortality rates. Recommendation: It is recommended to increase awareness regarding the rapid diagnosis, and rapid effective treatment of organ phosphorous.

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Environmental exposure to organophosphorus nerve agents

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Theoretical study of the molecular aspect of the suspected novichok agent A234 of the Skripal poisoning

Morbidity and Mortality Indicators in Acute Organophosphate Poisoning in Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt: Retrospective Study

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