Environmental enrichment decreases avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze and delta FosB immunoreactivity in anxiety-related brain regions

Lopes, Danielle A; Souza, Thaissa M.O.; Andrade, Januário de; Silva, Mariana S.; Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira; Sueur-Maluf, Luciana Le; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina; Viana, Milena de Barros

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.012

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Besides this, little is known about the specific molecular mechanisms that mediate the TS, especially how it acts on ΔFosB in the Nac. In addition, environmental enrichment has already been shown to reduce ΔFosB in other brain areas related to anxiety, reducing C-Fos expression in the Nac in response to cocaine [ 65 ]. This shows that different alternatives related to both environmental and body stimulation can reduce a transcription factor closely linked to drug addiction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse

Rossato

Rosa

et al. 2022

Mol Neurobiol

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Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant drug frequently related to addiction, which is characterized by functional and molecular changes in the brain reward system, favoring relapse development, and pharmacotherapies have shown low effectiveness. Considering the beneficial influences of tactile stimulation (TS) in different diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), here we evaluated if TS applied in adult rats could prevent or minimize the AMPH-relapse behavior also accessing molecular neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Following AMPH conditioning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, male rats were submitted to TS (15-min session, 3 times a day, for 8 days) during the drug abstinence period, which were re-exposed to the drug in the CPP paradigm for additional 3 days for relapse observation and molecular assessment. Our findings showed that besides AMPH relapse, TS prevented the dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), mu opioid receptor (MOR) increase, and AMPH-induced delta FosB (ΔFosB). Based on these outcomes, we propose TS as a useful tool to treat psychostimulant addiction, which is subsequent to clinical studies; it could be included in detoxification programs together with pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments already conventionally established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse

Rossato

Rosa

et al. 2022

Mol Neurobiol

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“…The ΔFosB presence in different brain areas speaks out for persistent activation of various brain regulatory circuits involved in the different functions. Actually, the implication of ΔFosB has been demonstrated in a number of different molecular and behavioral pathways usually activated by repeated physical challenges (Greenwood et al 2011;Kovacs et al 2019), drug exposures (Bing et al 1997;Perez-Otano et al 1998;Renthal et al 2008;Lafragette et al 2017), and various external stimuli (Tulchinsky 2000), whereas the formation of ΔFosB in multiple brain regions can be directly linked to the structural, physiological, and behavioral changes (Lopes et al 2018). It has also been reported that ΔFosB plays an important role also in regulating behavioral responses to natural rewards, such as palatable food (Teegarden et al 2008), sex (Hedges et al 2009), exercise, and stress (Greenwood et al 2011;Lobo et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

c-Fos and FosB/ΔFosB colocalizations in selected forebrain structures after olanzapine, amisulpride, aripiprazole, and quetiapine single administration in rats preconditioned by two different mild stressors sequences

Kiss

Osacka

2020

Endocrine Regulations

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Objective. Olanzapine (OLA), amisulpride (AMI), aripiprazole (ARI), and quetiapine (QUE) belong to antipsychotics, which administration represents still most reliable way for the treatment of schizophrenic and bipolar disorders. The intention of the present study was to explore whether the acute administration of a particular antipsychotic, indicated by the presence of c-Fos, will: a) stimulate neurons already activated by a long lasting homogeneous or heterogeneous stress preconditioning, indicated by the FosB/ΔFosB (ΔFosB) expression, or b) have a stimulatory effect only on a not activated, so called silent neurons. The pattern of ΔFosB and c-Fos spatial relationship was investigated in three forebrain structures, including the septal ventrolateral nucleus (seVL), the striatal dorsolateral area (stDL), and the shell of the nucleus accumbens (shell).Methods. The rats were divided into 10 groups and exposed to two types of stressors. Half of them was exposed to a sequence of homogeneous stressor – handling (HDL) and the other half to a heterogeneous stressor (CMS) daily for 20 days. CMS consisted of five types of stressors: crowding, air-puff, wet bedding, predator stress, and forced swimming applied in an unexpected order. On the 21st day of the experiment, the rats were free of the stress exposure and on the 22nd day, both groups of animals receive a single intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (4% DMSO in saline, 0.1 ml/100 g) or OLA (5 mg/kg), AMI (20 mg/kg), ARI (10 mg/kg), and QUE (15 mg/kg). 90 min after the drugs administration the animals were transcardially perfused, brains removed, cut into 30 µm thick coronal sections, and double stained: first with ΔFosB antibody linked with Alexa488 fluorescent dye and second with c-Fos antibody linked to Alexa596 one. Quantitative evaluation of ΔFosB and c-Fos colocalizations was performed on fluorescence photomicrographs transformed into a final picture containing only yellow, green, and red colored circles.Results. The data of this investigation demonstrate that ΔFosB and c-Fos colocalizations occurred in each of the three areas investigated, i.e. seVL, stDL, and shell ones, in both HDL as well as CMS preconditioned rats. The levels of ΔFosB and c-Fos colocalizations varied in the individual forebrain areas studied. From the total 22 areas measured, level of c-Fos colocalization prevailed over ΔFosB in 18 ones. However, neither c-Fos nor ΔFosB reached 100% level of colocalization in any of the forebrain areas investigated.Conclusion. The present findings indicate that ΔFosB and c-Fos colocalizations occurred in each of the three areas investigated, i.e. seVL, stDL, and shell, in both HDL and CMS preconditioned rats, whereas the parallel occurrence of free c-Fos as well as c-Fos colocalized with ΔFosB might speak out for a possible involvement of the c-Fos activated by antipsychotics applied in dual, i.e. short- and long-lasting, functions.

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“…Studies examining markers of neuronal activity in the hippocampus have yielded less consistent results. Some have found that EE increases the Fos response to stress 51,60 , while others have found decreases in Fos and delta-FosB 141,142 . These differences likely resulted from variations in stress and EE paradigms, or a species difference between mice and rats, although none of these factors appear to be the sole cause of differential responses.…”

Section: Synaptic Plasticity and Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of neuronal activation, the amygdala Fos studies were relatively more consistent. EE often reduces stress-induced Fos responses in the amygdala 60,141,142,148,149 , suggesting that EE blocks the hyperactivation of the amygdala during stress. However, other studies found that EE increased Fos responses to stress 147,150 , so we cannot definitively make this conclusion.…”

Section: Synaptic Plasticity and Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential impact of stress and environmental enrichment on corticolimbic circuits

Smail

Smith

Nawreen

et al. 2020

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Stress exposure can produce profound change in physiology and behavior that can impair health and well-being. Of note, stress exposure is linked to anxiety disorders and depression in humans. The widespread impact of these disorders warrants investigation into treatments to mitigate the harmful effects of stress. Pharmacological treatments fail to help many with these disorders, so recent work has focused on non-pharmacological alternatives. One of the most promising of these alternatives is environmental enrichment (EE). In rodents, EE includes social, physical, and cognitive stimulation for the animal, in the form of larger cages, running wheels, and toys. EE successfully reduces the maladaptive effects of various stressors, both as treatment and prophylaxis. While we know that EE can have beneficial effects under stress conditions, the morphological and molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral effects are still not well understood. EE is known to alter neurogenesis, dendrite development, and expression of neurotrophic growth factors, effects that vary by type of enrichment, age, and sex. To add to this complexity, EE has differential effects in different brain regions. Understanding how EE exerts its protective effects on morphological and molecular levels could hold the key to developing more targeted pharmacological treatments. In this review, we summarize the literature on the morphological and molecular consequences of EE and stress in key emotional regulatory pathways in the brain, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. The similarities and differences amongst these regions provide some insight into stress-EE interaction that may be exploited in future efforts toward prevention of, and intervention in, stress-related diseases.

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Environmental enrichment decreases avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze and delta FosB immunoreactivity in anxiety-related brain regions

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse

Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse

c-Fos and FosB/ΔFosB colocalizations in selected forebrain structures after olanzapine, amisulpride, aripiprazole, and quetiapine single administration in rats preconditioned by two different mild stressors sequences

Differential impact of stress and environmental enrichment on corticolimbic circuits

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