Environmental endotoxin measurement: The Kinetic Limulus Assay with Resistant-parallel-line Estimation

Milton, Donald K.; Feldman, Henry A.; Neuberg, Donna; Bruckner, Robin J.; Greaves, Ian A.

doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80081-7

Cited by 85 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Data were ordered according to the AGI value. filter media (7,15,29), extraction protocols (18,28), and assay buffers (14,28) for the recovery and measurement of endotoxins. Similar attention has not been given to alternative sampling approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Endotoxin Exposure Assessment by Bioaerosol Impinger and Filter-Sampling Methods

Duchaine¹,

Thorne

Mériaux³

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Environmental assessment data collected in two prior occupational hygiene studies of swine barns and sawmills allowed the comparison of concurrent, triplicate, side-by-side endotoxin measurements using air sampling filters and bioaerosol impingers. Endotoxin concentrations in impinger solutions and filter eluates were assayed using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. In sawmills, impinger sampling yielded significantly higher endotoxin concentration measurements and lower variances than filter sampling with IOM inhalable dust samplers. Analysis of variance for repeated measures showed that this association remained after controlling for other factors such as replicate, sawmill, sawmill operation, wood type, and interaction terms. Endotoxin concentrations in the swine barns were 10-fold higher on average than in sawmills. These samples demonstrated comparable endotoxin concentration estimates for impinger and filter methods although the variability was lower using the impinger method. In both occupational settings, side-by-side replicates were more uniform for the impinger samples than for the filter samples. This study demonstrates that impinger sampling is an acceptable method for quantitation of area endotoxin concentrations. Further, when sampling is performed with impingers for airborne microorganism quantitation, these same impinger solutions can yield valid endotoxin exposure estimates, negating the need for additional filter sampling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Endotoxin Exposure Assessment by Bioaerosol Impinger and Filter-Sampling Methods

Duchaine¹,

Thorne

Mériaux³

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…After the first 15 min of sonication, each sample was vortexed (VWR vortexer 2; Scientific Industries Inc., Bohemia, N.Y.) for 1 min and separated into two equal portions. One portion was further sonicated for another 45 min and assayed for endotoxins according to the method described by Milton et al (16,17). The other portion was further vortexed for 1 min and autoclaved at 120°C (10 5 Pa) (Sterilmatic incubator; Market Forge Industries, Everett, Mass.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specific for (1→6) Branched, (1→3)-β- d -Glucan Detection in Environmental Samples

Milton

Alwis

Fisette³

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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(133)-␤-D-Glucans are carbohydrate polymers found in the cell walls of most fungi, some bacteria, yeasts, and higher and lower plants. The molecular weight, degree of (136)-linked side branching, helical conformation, and solubility are the most important factors which determine the biological activities of (133)-␤-D-glucans. The biological activities of (133)-␤-D-glucans include host-mediated antitumor activity (11), adjuvant effects (21), and activation of neutrophils (34), eosinophils (23), macrophages (15, 27), and complement (26).There is increasing evidence that (133)-␤-D-glucans cause nonspecific inflammatory reactions (9, 10) and are responsible for bioaerosol-induced respiratory symptoms observed in both indoor (24,25,32) and occupational (4, 5) environments. Dose-response relationships have been found between levels of (133)-␤-D-glucans and eye and throat irritation, dry cough, and itching skin (25). Relationships have also been found among exposure to (133)-␤-D-glucans and an increased prevalence of atopy, a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in adults (30), and peak flow variability in children (6). Recent studies have reported significantly high levels of (133) (18,20).In the present study, we describe the use of an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was originally developed as a diagnostic assay for systemic fungemia (8), to assay (133)-␤-D-glucans in house dust samples, some mould cultures, and metal working fluid samples. The assay is based on the use of a high-affinity receptor (galactosyl ceramide, a sphingolipid) specific for (133)-␤-D-glucans as a capture reagent and a monoclonal antibody specific for complex fungal cell wall (133)-␤-D-glucans as a detector reagent. The assay is reported to be rapid, specific for fungal ␤-glucans, and insensitive to interference caused by agents which affect the Limulus assay. MATERIALS AND METHODSGalactosyl ceramide (Galactercerebroside type II; Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma) in Tris-buffered saline (pH 8.0) (TBS) were used, respectively, for coating and blocking. Immulon 96-well polystyrene

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“…The methods used to collect house dust samples and quantify levels of dust mite allergen (in the child's bed) and endotoxin (in the family/living room) have been previously described [26][27][28][29] .…”

Section: Definition Of Other Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth by cesarean section, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization among children with a parental history of atopy

Pistiner

Gold

Abdulkerim

et al. 2008

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

149

104

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Environmental endotoxin measurement: The Kinetic Limulus Assay with Resistant-parallel-line Estimation

Cited by 85 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of Endotoxin Exposure Assessment by Bioaerosol Impinger and Filter-Sampling Methods

Comparison of Endotoxin Exposure Assessment by Bioaerosol Impinger and Filter-Sampling Methods

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Specific for (1→6) Branched, (1→3)-β- d -Glucan Detection in Environmental Samples

Birth by cesarean section, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization among children with a parental history of atopy

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