Environmental Effects on Polymeric Materials

Searle, Norma D.

doi:10.1002/0471721557.ch8

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Most polymers are sensitive to UV radiation in the wavelength region between 300 and 360 nm [257]. Individual polymers absorb and are degraded by UV within a much narrower region, often referred to as their activation spectra maxima [257]. For aromatic PUs, the activation spectra maxima vary between 350-415 nm [257].…”

Section: Uv Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Xie

Zhang

Bryant

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

430

301

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Section: Uv Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Xie

Zhang

Bryant

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

430

301

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“…To mimic the life cycle of mulches [38], the nonwovens were exposed first to simulated laboratory weathering (reviewed in [39]), following the ASTM standard G155 [40], to assess the effect of photodegradation, photooxidation and abiotic hydrolysis, and then subjected to biodegradation via ASTM D5338 [41]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the biodegradation of fully biobased mulches after exposure weathering under controlled conditions has not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Simulated Weathering on Physicochemical Properties and Inherent Biodegradation of PLA/PHA Nonwoven Mulches

Hablot

Dharmalingam²,

Hayes³

et al. 2014

J Polym Environ

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The effect of simulated weathering on the physicochemical properties and biodegradability of four fully biobased and potentially biodegradable agricultural mulches prepared nonwoven textile technology, consisting of randomly oriented fibers of average diameter 7-16 lm, has been investigated. Two mulches were prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) using spunbond processing, one naturally white and the other black (SB-W and SB-B, respectively), and two via meltblown processing, from 100 % PLA and a 75/25 w/w blend of PLA and polyhydroxyalkanoate [PHA; poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate); MB-PLA and MB-PLA?PHA, respectively]. SB-W and SB-B possessed higher tensile strength than MB-PLA and MB-PLA?PHA (56.2N, 37.1N, 8.96N, and 3.90N, respectively). Simulated weathering introduced minor changes in physicochemical properties of SBs, but enhanced inherent biodegradability, yielding 68-72 % mineralization in 90 days. Simulated weathering greatly affected the physicochemical properties of the MB mulches, particularly MB-PLA?PHA, which underwent a 95 % loss of tensile strength, 32 % decrease of weightaveraged molecular weight (from 95.4 to 70.5 kDa), and breakage of microfibers, during a 21 days weatherometry cycle. Weathering accelerated the biodegradation of both MB mulches, with the time course of biodegradation and final extent of biodegradation (91-93 % in 90 days) nearly matching the value obtained for the cellulosic positive control. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested the SB and MB mulches underwent hydrolysis and photodegradative chain scission (Norrish Type II reaction). SB nonwovens may prove useful as biobased and compostable materials for multi-season mulching, and other longterm agricultural applications, such as for row covers in perennial cropping systems. MB nonwovens may be better suited for more traditional agricultural mulch applications.

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“…These processes do not exactly match environmental conditions, and the acceleration of the degradation processes by various manipulations in order for experiments to be concluded timely means that determinations of when reactions occur under ambient conditions are often inexactly estimated (Tonjes and Greene, 2013). The closer experiments mimic environmental conditions, the better the likelihood of timing degradation effects correctly (Searle, 2003), although careful bench-scale tests in at least one instance considerably over predicted degradation measured in fi eld experiments (Tonjes and Greene, 2013). Laboratory results can lead to incorrect descriptions of degradation potentials, or widely varying estimates of environmental persistence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments

Adamcová

Radziemska

Fronczyk

et al. 2017

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria I Kształtowanie Środowiska

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Research was carried out in order to assess biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive), advertised as 100% degradable or certifi ed as compostable within various types of environments. Research conditions were: (i) controlled composting environment – laboratory-scale, (ii) real composting conditions – domestic compost bin, (iii) real composting conditions – industrial composting plant and (iv) landfill conditions. The results demonstrate that the materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive) or advertised as 100% degradable did not biodegrade in any of the above-described conditions and remained completely intact at the end of the tests. Biodegradation of the certified compostable plastic bags proceeded very well in laboratory-scale conditions and in real composting conditions – industrial composting plant, however, these materials did not biodegrade in real composting conditions – domestic compost bin and landfill conditions.

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Environmental Effects on Polymeric Materials

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Degradation and stabilization of polyurethane elastomers

Effect of Simulated Weathering on Physicochemical Properties and Inherent Biodegradation of PLA/PHA Nonwoven Mulches

Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments

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