Environmental dust: A tool to study the patina of ancient artifacts

Ganor, E.; Kronfeld, J.; Feldman, Howard R.; Rosenfeld, Amnon; Ilani, Shimon

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.06.004

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The major mineral components as measured by XRD, CCSEM, SEM, and observed optically ( (Fig. 2), have microscopically thin surface coatings of clay minerals and hematite, mineralogically similar to desert varnish (Potter and Rossman, 1977) or patina (Ganor et al, 2009) on stable rock surfaces. The compositions (Si-Al-Mg-Fe-K) of the particle coatings as measured by CCSEM/EDS and SEM/EDS point to the clay mineral in many instances being montmorillonite-illite mixed layers, with kaolinite in a few cases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Controls on mineral dust emissions at four arid locations in the western USA

et al. 2012

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Controls on mineral dust emissions at four arid locations in the western USA

et al. 2012

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“…It is probably marine carbonates that were found within the JI tablet patina, with the particles derived from the weathering of these exposed rocks and deposited by wind. Indeed, well-preserved marine carbonate microfossils, such as Cretaceous to Eocene foraminifera, occur in abundance in everyday dust in Jerusalem (Ehrenberg, 1860;Ganor, 1975;Ganor et al, 2007) as well as in the local soils. Goren et al's (2004) other two reported d 18 O values (À8.4& and À7.3&) are depleted relative to modern carbonate formation data (À4& to À6&) (Bar-Matthews and Ayalon, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometric analysis of the “Jehoash Inscription” tablet

Ilani

Rosenfeld

Feldman

et al. 2008

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…A detailed archaeometric study on the JO and JI inscription patinas and its host materials has been performed at the Geological Survey of Israel [5][6][7]10,14] which strengthens the contention that both inscriptions are authentic. Moreover, the newly revised study by the originators of this oxygen isotope tool [15] yielded more negative values for Jerusalem rainfall during the Roman-Byzantine periods, actually contradicting their evidence of forgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The JO is an ossuary made of soft limestone dated to the first century CE, inscribed "James son of Joseph brother of Jesus". It was authenticated by the epigraphist Lemaire [3,4] and was archaeometrically studied by [5][6][7]. The JI is a rec-tangular dark grey sandstone tablet (31 × 25 × 9 cm) engraved with 16 lines dated to the 8 th -9 th century BCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Authenticity of Artifacts by Oxygen Isotope Analysis

Kronfeld¹,

Rosenfeld²,

Feldman³

2013

OJG

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A technique used to determine the authenticity of artifacts that compares the oxygen isotopic composition of speleothems to the carbonate included within the patina of unprovenanced artifacts is of questionable value. The unprovenanced Jehoash Inscription Tablet and James Ossuary are of potentially immense historical and cultural importance. Nevertheless, they both were rejected by workers based on the oxygen isotope technique which provided the major foundational evidence of forgery in the longest running archaeological trial in Israel. Nevertheless, both these artifacts were determined not to be forged. The initial incongruence between the oxygen isotopes of the speleothems of the Soreq cave (Israel) purported to represent the unique composition of Jerusalem rainfall, and the patina on the artifacts, can be readily explained by the accretion of materials and geo-biochemical processes expected in normal patina formation in the Jerusalem region. The patina formation involves sporadic events in disequilibrium kinetic processes that are opposed to the equilibrium formation of speleothems in a sealed cave. Moreover, 23 of 56 patina samples (41%) on well-documented ancient artifacts from Israel yielded oxygen isotope values greater or lower than the expected speleothem values of -4 δ¹⁸O ‰ _[PDB] to -6 δ¹⁸O ‰ _[PDB]. Thus, the speleothem-patina correlation is invalid and the applied oxygen isotopes technique for determining the authenticity of patinas on artifacts is not a useful tool in the authentication of artifacts.

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Environmental dust: A tool to study the patina of ancient artifacts

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Controls on mineral dust emissions at four arid locations in the western USA

Controls on mineral dust emissions at four arid locations in the western USA

Archaeometric analysis of the “Jehoash Inscription” tablet

Determining the Authenticity of Artifacts by Oxygen Isotope Analysis

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