Environmental distribution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids from the Iberian and south-Pyrenean basins (NE Spain)

Abstract

Post-Palaeozoic crinoids from northeast Spain ranging from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) to the Ilerdian (lower Ypresian, early Eocene) are documented. Here we provide the first attempt to reconstruct the environmental distribution of these crinoids based on relatively complete material (mostly cups). Triassic forms are dominated by encrinids from outer carbonate ramps. Late Jurassic crinoids are dominated by cyrtocrinids, comatulids, millericrinids, and isocrinids, occurring either on sponge mounds and meadows or on soft substrates within middle to outer carbonate ramps. Aptian (Early Cretaceous) forms include nearly complete isocrinids which are found in extremely shallow environments represented by bioclastic carbonates and interspersed oyster-rich layers. Other Aptian occurrences come from more distal and deep environments and are composed solely of comatulids. Albian forms are dominated by cyrtocrinids and isocrinids associated with coral reefs. Late Cretaceous and Eocene crinoids include mostly bourgueticrinids (Comatulida) that are found either in outer ramp facies or associated with mid-ramp reef complexes. The later corresponds to one of the shallowest occurrence of bourgueticrinids in the Cenozoic. The palaeoecological data for fossil crinoids of northeast Spain contributes to reconstructing the history of the bathymetric distribution of articulate crinoids, supporting the idea that stalked crinoids were able to inhabit a wide range of shallow marine environments in the late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (for details please see creativecommons.org), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Full text (1,047.2 kB)Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The nervous and circulatory systems of a Cretaceous crinoid: preservation, palaeobiology and evolutionary significance

“…Detailed palaeoecological and stratigraphical information is given by Zamora et al . (). Importantly, no other crinoid species were recovered from the same locality.…”

Substrate type and palaeodepth do not affect the Middle Jurassic taxonomic diversity of crinoids

“…, Salamon & Gorzelak, 2007 ; Salamon, 2019 ; Krajewski, Ferré & Salamon, 2020 ). From the Jurassic Yátova Formation of Spain, Zamora et al (2018) illustrated the spongiolithic facies as having been deposited in relatively shallow and open platform areas with depths not exceeding 60 m, containing the following cyrtocrinid cups: Eugeniacrinites sp., Pilocrinus sp., Gammarocrinites sp. ; and a basal circlet of Tetracrinidae indet.…”

Additional data on post-Paleozoic sea-lilies (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) from the Outer Carpathians of the Czech Republic and Poland

“…While the palaeoecology of bourgueticrinids, millericrinids, and thiolliericrinids is relatively well known (e.g., KLIKUSHIN, 1987;AUSICH et al, 1999, and references therein), the way of life, especially bathymetric preferences, of cyrtocrinids and isocrinids, should be revised. In the recent years, several studies showed that stalked cyrtocrinids commonly lived in both shallow- (SALAMON & GOR-ZELAK, 2007;ZAMORA et al, 2018;SALAMON, 2019;KRAJEWSKI et al, 2020) and deep-water environments (e.g., ZATOŃ et al, 2008; and literature cited therein). AUSICH et al (1999) stated that cyrtocrinids preferred deeper habitats, typically below 100 m depth.…”

“…neocomiensis (DESOR)]. SALAMON (2007SALAMON ( , 2008aSALAMON ( , 2008bSALAMON ( , 2008cSALAMON ( , 2009; see also e.g., JAGT, 1999;HESS & GALE, 2010;LACH, 2016;ZAMORA et al, 2018;SALAMON et al, 2019) compiled a list of shallow-water Jurassic and Cretaceous (also post-Aptian) sections containing common isocrinids. AMÉZIANE and ROUX (1997) stated that the absence of stalked crinoids from shallow-water settings is a consequence of their functional morphology.…”

“…Discussion. There are numerous phyllocrinid taxa in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata worldwide (for review see ZARĘCZNY, 1876;REMEŠ, 1905;ARENDT, 1974;ŽÍTT, 1978aŽÍTT, , 1978bŽÍTT, , 1978cPISERA & DZIK, 1979;GŁUCHOWSKI, 1987;ZATOŃ et al, 2008;SALAMON & GORZELAK, 2010;HESS et al, 2011;ZAMORA et al, 2018). Some opinions suggest there are significant differences in the structure of phyllocrinid taxa (e.g., KONIECZYŃSKI et al, 2016).…”