Environmental Degradation, Quality of Institutions and Tourism: New Evidence from Pakistan

Muhammad, Faqeer; Karim, Rehmat; Qureshi, Javed Akhter; Razzaq, Naveed; Zahra, Madeeha; Ali, Irfan

doi:10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss3.2019.321

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The outcomes of the PLSM has revealed that CPEC does not contribute to climate change in contrast to the research of (Ali, 2018;Saad, Xinping & Ijaz, 2019) who argues that environmental pollution is the main concerned of CPEC projects. However, the study results are consistent with (Sekrafi & Shgaier, 2018, Muhammad et. al, 2019 which also showed that tourism is contributing pollution in Pakistan.…”

Section: Effect Size (F 2 )supporting

confidence: 91%

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Climate Change: The Mediation Role of Tourism Development

Karim¹

2020

PSSR

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This research aims to explore the role of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on tourism development and tourism development on climate change. In addition, the study also examines the mediating role of tourism development on the relationship between China Pakistan Economic Corridor and climate change. The study employed "Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling Approach" and results from the structural analysis suggest that CPEC significantly influences tourism development and tourism development in return significantly contributes to climate change. Moreover, tourism development partially mediates the relationship between CPEC and climate change. The findings of this study extend the understanding of CPEC and Tourism development in the context of climate change and offer implications for policy makers and other stake holders to minimize the destruction of climate change in future

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Section: Effect Size (F 2 )supporting

confidence: 91%

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Climate Change: The Mediation Role of Tourism Development

Karim¹

2020

PSSR

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“…Similarly, the role of energy consumption is also effective and an increase in consumption of energy have significant impact on the pollution in Pakistan. On the other hand, the effect of foreign direct is not significant but its effect is positive increasing the environmental pollution in Pakistan ( Muhammad et al, 2019;Bakhsh et al, 2017). The effect of open trade policies have also psoitive influence on the pollution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Environmental Pollution a Negative Externality from China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Policy implications for Pakistan

Karim

Muhammad

Qureshi

et al. 2020

IJEEG

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The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) isconsidered as the ‘flagship’ project of China’s Belt andRoad Initiative (BRI) and has been widely acclaimedby both Chinese and Pakistani officials often terming itas ‘game-changer’ to overcome Pakistan’s lingeringissues of energy and economic crisis. Within theframework of CPEC, China is investing more than 56billion US dollars as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)in various energy and infrastructure projects includinga vast network of railways, highways, economic zonesand gas pipelines. While much has been debated andwritten about various projects under CPEC in theexisting academic discourses, vis-à-vis threats to thebiodiversity (Nabi et al., 2017), its potentialimplications to environmental hazards (Ali, 2018) andto overcome energy shortfall of Pakistan (Kugelman,2017). However, scientific study to reinforce the issuesof environmental pollution, particularly related toCEPEC coal-based energy projects have been stilllacking.The pertained literature on CPEC consisted qualitativestudies to inspect and judge different aspects such asimportance of CPEC for both countries and its effectson geo political of South Asia. Challenges for CPEC inPakistan, South Asia and foreign policy betweenChina-Pakistan), as Nan, (2015) explained that thisproject is not only valuable for Pakistan and China, butit is also beneficial for the global economy byincluding several other countries. Furthermore, Li andSun, (2015) and Irshad, etal, (2015) reported theimportance of CPEC and it long and short-termbenefits for both countries. Further, Hussain and Khan(2017) also stated that it will enhance the cooperationbetween two countries and advantageous for Chinese,Middle Eastern and South Asian people (Ali, 2016).Further, Wolf, (2017) explained the insights, potentialsand challenges concerning CPEC and domestic levelcooperation between China and Pakistan.In addition, quantitative studies focused to shed a lighton the impact of China Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) (Such as, impact on gdp, socio-economy,trade, stock market, energy sector and infrastructure).CPEC will build rails and roads infrastructure andinfrastructure development may decrease the povertyand increases the agriculture development in Pakistan(Ahmed & Mustafa, 2016). Most recent articleexamined the impact of CPEC impact on energy(energy consumption and energy saving potential) inthe prospect of Pakistan (Mirza, Fatima, Ullah, 2019).A latest study surveyed in Pakistan and their researchresults shows that entrepreneur’s attitude andintentions to China and Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) development is positive, it means CPECproject also designing an entrepreneurial environment(Kanwal et al., 2019).A large number of studies (Begum, etal., 2015; Ozturk,and Acaravci, 2010) have discussed various elementsand causes of CO2 emissions. Similarly, manyresearches (Khurshid, etal., 2018; Hadi, etal., 2018;Hussain, 2017; Hussain, 2015) on Pakistan-Chinarelations in the context of economy, society andgeopolitical point of view. Present study is aimed toinvestigate the CPEC development effects i.e. grossdomestic product (gdp), foreign direct investment (fdi),trade openness (top), energy consumption (enguse) onenvironmental pollution (CO2) in Pakistan usingFMOLS and DOLS methods.

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“…In sum, majority of studies indicated that the growing population is exerting pressure on the demand of natural resources. However, population is not only the key factor of environmental pollution; the other influential factors includes economic growth (Yang and Zhao, 2014;Omri, 2014), tourism (Paramati et al, 2017;León et al, 2014), trade openness (Chebbi et al, 2011;Naranpanawa, 2011 andManagi et al, 2008) and quality of institutions (Muhammad et al, 2019). The current study focused on the population, energy consumption on environmental decay in Pakistan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Population Density, Co2 Emission and Energy Consumption in Pakistan: A Multivariate Analysis

Muhammad

Karim²,

Muhammad³

et al. 2020

IJEEP

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The objective of the research is to re-examine the influences of population density, energy consumption on CO 2 emission in Pakistan. In addition, the effect of the growth and trade is also discovered in the study using Fully Modified Least Square (FMOLS) method from 1990 to 2014. Further, robust analysis is carried by utilizing Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) method. Initially, unit root test is tested by Augmented Dicky Fuller test and Phillips-Perron (PP) test, and long run relationship is studied by Johansen Cointegration test. The outcomes of the research show the influential contribution of population density, energy consumption on environmental decay in Pakistan. Likewise, the other elements, which plays significant role in pollution, are growth and trade. The results of the robustness check also endorse population density and energy consumption are contributing CO 2 emission in Pakistan. Therefore, the study recommends that population control should be the target of the government and limit and introduce environmentally friendly sources of energy.

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Environmental Degradation, Quality of Institutions and Tourism: New Evidence from Pakistan

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Climate Change: The Mediation Role of Tourism Development

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Climate Change: The Mediation Role of Tourism Development

Environmental Pollution a Negative Externality from China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Policy implications for Pakistan

Population Density, Co2 Emission and Energy Consumption in Pakistan: A Multivariate Analysis

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