Environmental degradation of structural glass systems: A review of experimental research and main influencing parameters

Udi, Ufuoma Joseph; Ayagi, Kabiru Musa; Bedon, Chiara; Kamarudin, Mohd Khairul Amri

doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101970

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…While glass rigidity is not affected by long-term phenomena [ 42 ], the encapsulant stiffness has major direct effects in terms of distribution of internal actions (i.e., Figure 2 and Figure 3 ), and thus in terms of stress peaks in the glass and backsheet layers that should be verified based on Equations (3) and (4). As far as the shear bonding is weak (

), the “layered” behaviour of Figure 3 takes place and most of the external load is sustained by the glass cover only.…”

Section: Analysis Of Analytical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Analysis of the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Composite Action in PV Modules with Viscoelastic Encapsulant

Bedon,

Santos,

Fasan

2024

Materials

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The mechanical analysis of photovoltaics and building integrated photovoltaics is a key step for their optimal design and certification, and requires careful consideration, alongside solar power, durability and functionality issues. The solar cells are encapsulated in thin interlayers that are usually composed of a viscoelastic Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate compound, and protected by thin glass and/or plastic layers. This paper investigates the out-of-plane bending response of a full-scale commercial PV module and focuses attention on the shear bonding efficiency of the thin encapsulant for quasi-static and dynamic mechanical considerations. The parametric analytical analysis, carried out in this study for a laminated glass plate, highlights the possible consequences of the viscoelastic shear coupling on the cross-section load-bearing demand in the covers. As a direct effect of severe operational conditions (i.e., ageing, non-uniform/cyclic thermal gradients, humidity, extreme mechanical/thermal loads, etc.) the shear rigidity and adhesion of these films can suffer from repeated/progressive modification and even degradation, and thus induce major stress and deflection effects in the out-of-plane mechanical response of the PV module components. The minimum shear bond efficiency required to prevent mechanical issues is calculated for various configurations of technical interest. Accordingly, it is shown how the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical performance of the system modifies as a function of a more rigid or weak shear coupling.

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), the “layered” behaviour of Figure 3 takes place and most of the external load is sustained by the glass cover only.…”

Section: Analysis Of Analytical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design tensile strength f g in Equation (3) implicitly accounts for several glass production features and quasi-static fatigue phenomena [ 31 , 42 ]. Depending on cross-sectional features, size, boundaries and other parameters, the design value f g should be calculated case by case [ 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Analysis of the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Composite Action in PV Modules with Viscoelastic Encapsulant

Bedon,

Santos,

Fasan

2024

Materials

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“…A widely adopted approach involves the development of wireless sensors that integrate temperature, humidity, and the measured parameters to directly capture environmental parameters related to the measured parameters. Additionally, some integrated modules have been developed to comprehensively monitor and manage the environmental indicators affecting glass elements [76].…”

Section: Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of technological advancements in the application of structural health monitoring on glass elements

Ahani,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The concepts behind employing structural health monitoring (SHM) to the glass structures are in their early stages. While limited information by the application of SHM on glass-made elements could obtain through the literature, recent technological advances enrich the state of the art around the glass elements. As yet because of the novelty in both using SHM and the application of LGs for structural purposes, the historical background around the application of SHM on glass elements doesn't exceed 20 years, and the novelty of the concepts around the LGs may be even more. With this in mind, the demanded assessments have to be incept from the very basis of both the glass and SHM sciences to place the stepping stones of the fundamental stage, which would be a platform for the extending evaluations of glass elements at higher levels. This study is an endeavor to bring forward the available approaches for elaborating SHM on structural elements composed of glass with an emphasis on glass façades. According to the outcomes, the requirement for early detection due to its brittle content proffers structural health monitoring as the limited available alternatives for damage detection of the systems composed of it.

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“…The degradation of window glass over time is commonly caused by weathering, a good summary of this phenomenon is given by Udi (2023) The corrosion of the glass has been a problem since medieval times and is mostly determined by the chemistry of the glass (Newton, 1975). In modern float glass which is chemically much more stable, this is still a significant problem (Strugaj et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Method for the Non-Destructive Assessment of Strength Degradation and Re-Use Potential of Weathered Float Glass From Facades: A Proof of Concept Study

Veer,

Overend,

Sofokleous

et al. 2023

International Journal of Structural Glass and Advanced Material

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Lack of knowledge about the properties of weathered (used) glass is currently a major barrier to glass reuse. This results in probably unnecessary recycling or down-cycling of architectural glass at the end of life. Avoiding this creates a significant opportunity to reduce resource depletion and decarbonize the built environment. This can be done by developing an optical non-destructive test method that estimates the strength of naturally weathered glass by characterizing surface flaws. This allows excessively damaged glass panels to be removed for surface repair or recycling. Specimens were made from 50 + -year-old monolithic flat glass taken from a façade in the Hague, Netherlands, where it was exposed to salt in the air, water, cleaning, and abrasion from wind-driven dust and sand particles. The specimens were examined using a microscope and a handheld optical profilometer to determine surface flaw characteristics. The glass specimens were then tested using a ring-on-ring (coaxial double ring) setup. Similar tests were also conducted on new as-received float glass to provide a benchmark. Both the indoor-facing and outdoor-facing sides of the weathered glass and the air and tin side of the new glass were tested. A statistical analysis of the test results was made using conventional Weibull statistics. The results show that after 50 + years of natural aging the strength of the glass is significantly reduced and that the non-destructive scanning method trialed in this study can locate and determine in many cases the size of critical surface defects thereby allowing for direct safe re-use of 70 + % of the glass. The handheld optical profilometer can identify severe damage on the glass, but further research and software development is needed to improve the accuracy and consistency of the scanning method and to automate this technique for routine/large-scale applications including as a prerequisite for surface repair.

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Environmental degradation of structural glass systems: A review of experimental research and main influencing parameters

Cited by 15 publications

References 117 publications

Mechanical Analysis of the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Composite Action in PV Modules with Viscoelastic Encapsulant

Mechanical Analysis of the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Composite Action in PV Modules with Viscoelastic Encapsulant

An overview of technological advancements in the application of structural health monitoring on glass elements

A Novel Method for the Non-Destructive Assessment of Strength Degradation and Re-Use Potential of Weathered Float Glass From Facades: A Proof of Concept Study

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