Environmental degradation of Modern non-balanced glasses

Palomar, Teresa; Rodrigues, Alexandra

doi:10.37558/gec.v17i1.690

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is commonly reported that Venetian soda glasses and Bohemian potash glasses are the most altered glasses 33 . However, limited information is available about crizzled lead glasses 34–38 . They even have a low content of alkali.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the alteration of historical unstable glasses

Palomar

2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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Historic glasses can be altered in the presence of inorganic pollutants, such as CO 2 , SO 2, or NO 2 , but also, by the volatile organic compounds emitted by the museum cabinets. Among these pollutants, compounds with carbonyl groups such as acetic and formic acids, and formaldehyde are the most common ones.In this work, a study of the interaction of these contaminants with three of the most relevant historical glasses was carried out. These glasses were soda silicate glass, potash silicate glass, and lead crystal glass. Two alteration tests were carried out in these glasses in the presence of water, acetic acid, formic acid, or formaldehyde. In the first test, the alteration induced by the liquid solution was evaluated by the pH monitoring and the study of the ions lixiviated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. In the second study, the alteration with gaseous contaminants was carried out. The hygroscopic capacity of the glasses was analyzed by gravimetry, the evolution of the glass surface by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode, and the ions found on the glass surface by ion chromatography. These methods allowed to observe the different degradations that occurred in the three glasses in the presence of different pollutants in aqueous or gaseous environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 However, limited information is available about crizzled lead glasses. [34][35][36][37][38] They even have a low content of alkali. These glasses are more stable to the alteration because of the stabilizer role of lead, unless they have a higher content of lead increasing its instability.…”

Section: Glass Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the alteration of historical unstable glasses

Palomar

2022

J Am Ceram Soc.

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“…The inoculated fungi were also able to biodeteriorate SPB-87 glass to different degrees. This behaviour is rather different from what can be observed in the control samples (i.e., early stages of glass alteration), as the authors know well from similar soda-lime silicate glass environmental alteration, that at this point (a maximum of 6 months) has almost negligible damage compared to the one observed in the inoculated samples (e.g., Rodrigues et al [21], Palomar and Rodrigues [36]).…”

Section: Measuring Damage: Two Species One Glassmentioning

confidence: 56%

From Biodeterioration to Creativity: Bioreceptivity of Spruce Pine 87 Glass Batch by Fungi

Rodrigues¹,

Alves

Gutierrez-Patricio

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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The bioreceptivity, and the consequent biodeterioration of contemporary glass, used by artists worldwide, was studied. The two main objectives were: first, to verify if fungi with some culture media would produce more damages than the same fungi without a nutritional source, and to verify if the two genera of fungi produce the same damage on the same glass. Colourless glass samples with Spruce Pine 87 Batch (SPB-87) composition were inoculated with two distinct fungal species, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger, separately: (i) half with fungal spores (simulating primary bioreceptivity), and (ii) half with fungi in a small portion of culture media (simulating organic matter that can be deposited on exposed glassworks, i.e., secondary bioreceptivity). The alteration of glass surfaces were analysed by Optical Microscopy, SEM-EDS and µ-Raman. The mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum generated a higher amount of fingerprints, stains and iridescence, whereas Aspergillus niger produced more biopitting and crystals on the glass surface. However, both species damaged the glass to different degrees in 4 and 6 months after the inoculation, producing physico-chemical damage (e.g., iridescence, biopitting), and chemical alterations (e.g., depletion and deposition of elements and crystals). The primary bioreceptivity experiment of glass samples inoculated with Aspergillus niger results in less damage than in the case of secondary bioreceptivity, being almost similar for Penicillium chrysogenum. The new and in-depth understanding of the bioreceptivity and deterioration of post-modern glass art and cultural heritage provided here is of paramount importance for the scientific, conservation and artistic communities – to protect glass cultural materials, or seen by artists as innovative and inspirational ways of creating glass art in the future.

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“…and they are found in display cabinets and showcases. [24][25][26][27] The historical pieces affected are soda, potash, and lead silicate glasses with low content in calcium and magnesium from the 17th and 18th centuries, 8,9,19,28 but earlier examples exist, as well as from the 19th century. 8,14,[29][30][31][32][33][34] In addition, they come from a wide variety of production centers such as England, Italy, Scandinavia, North America, and China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of humidity in the alteration of unstable glasses

Laso

Aparicio

Palomar

2023

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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The control of humidity between certain limits is essential to avoid the alteration of historical objects, such as unstable historical glasses. However, the usual limits can be altered due to the presence of volatile organic compounds. This work presents the results of the exposure of soda, potash, and mixed‐alkali silicate glasses to neutral and acidic (formic) atmospheres with ∼30, ∼70, and ∼100% relative humidity. The hygroscopic capacity of the glass was analyzed by gravimetry, and the surface alteration was evaluated by infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and ion chromatography.In all glasses, the alteration begins with alkali ions' lixiviation followed by the silica network's hydrolytic attack. The results showed that soda and mixed‐alkali silicate glasses exhibit similar behavior, while the potash‐lime one experienced the fastest degradation due to its composition. Results also confirmed that high humidity increased the alteration rate causing a higher hygroscopicity and reactivity of glasses. Finally, acidic environments promoted the ion‐exchange reaction at high humidity, accelerating the lixiviation of alkaline ions and promoting the diffusion of water into the glass network.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Environmental degradation of Modern non-balanced glasses

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the alteration of historical unstable glasses

Influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the alteration of historical unstable glasses

From Biodeterioration to Creativity: Bioreceptivity of Spruce Pine 87 Glass Batch by Fungi

Influence of humidity in the alteration of unstable glasses

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