Environmental Decision-Making

A new big data approach based on geoecological information-modeling system

“…global model parameters are determined. the thematic classification of big data is carried out and space-time combination is performed on measurements obtained from various types of sources (Kondratyev et al, 2002) Evaluation of the state of the atmosphere the gas and aerosol composition of the near-earth atmospheric layer are provided and forecasting maps of their distribution are created (Kondratyev, ivlev, Krapivin, & Varotsos, 2006;) Evaluation of the state of the soil-plant covers Determining the structural topology of land cover revealing soil-plant formations in accordance with spatial resolution (Kondratyev et al, 2002;Krapivin & Shutko, 2012) Evaluation of the state of the water medium Simulation model is used for the hydrological processes taking into account seasonal changes of surface and river runoff, the influence of snow cover, and permafrost and the regime of precipitation and evaporation (Krapivin & Varotsos, 2007;Krapivin et al, 2015) Modeling of the global biogeochemical cycles Mathematical models of global cycles of greenhouse gases are used taking into account the roles of soil-plant formations, World Ocean and geosphere as well as anthropogenic processes (Kondratyev, Krapivin, & Phillips, 2003;Krapivin & Varotsos, 2016;Varotsos, Krapivin, & Soldatov, 2014) Modeling of the photosynthesis in the oceans and vegetation layers, the photosynthetic processes are described by proper mathematical models (Krapivin & Kelley, 2009;Sellers et al, 1986) Modeling of demographic processes Population dynamics is described by two models with consideration of the role of environmental and social factors. Models differ in mathematical approaches (Kondratyev et al, 2002;Krapivin & Varotsos, 2007) Climate change modeling Climate change processes are described by simple functional models reflecting the roles of greenhouse gases and pollution of the atmosphere (Krapivin & Varotsos, 2008;Mintzer, 1987) identification of causes of ecological and sanitary disturbances in the environment investigation and identification of dangerous environmental processes is realized, including the detection and prognosis of tropical cyclones, floods, and excessive atmosphere pollution (Krapivin & Shutko, 2012;Nitu et al, 2013) intelligent support Software-mathematical algorithms are developed to provide the user with intelligent support in performing complex analysis of simulation experiment results (Nitu, Krapivin, & Pruteanu, 2004) …”

“…At present the main areas of the land are woodland (41.2%) and cropland (24.7%). The land use is a basic problem and the solution of which involves the management and Source: Kondratyev, Krapivin, and Phillips (2002) and Krapivin et al (2015) modification of the natural environment which mainly relates to the reduction of the forest areas (Kargel, Leonard, Bishop, Kaab, & Raup, 2014;Lambin & Geist, 2006;Ramachandran & Garrity, 2012). Unfortunately, the forest areas are subject to the realistic implementation of anthropogenic scenarios associated with the withdrawal of their biomass.…”

“…Important improvement of GIS technology was made by Kondratyev, Krapivin, Savinykh, and Varotsos (2004) when geoecological information-modeling system (GIMS) was presented as a combination of GIS and modeling technology. Key aspects of GIMS have been discussed in many publications (Cracknell, Krapivin, & Varotsos, 2009a, 2009bKrapivin & Shutko, 2012;Krapivin, Shutko, Chukhlantsev, Golovachev, & Phillips, 2006;Krapivin, Varotsos, & Soldatov, 2015).…”

Hydrological Model for Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Region

“…The water balance of Central Asia is widely discussed by many authors and is studied in different institutes, such as the Central Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences, the Faculty of Geography in the Moscow State University, the Department of Geography in the Western Michigan University, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The present state of the Aral Sea reflects the catastrophic processes in the Central Asia water balance which are connected with both global climate change and anthropogenic processes, such as the realization of the Kara-Kum Channel Project and damming the water outflow from the Caspian Sea to the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay [10,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Typical land cover includes grasslands, crops and deserts [41,42]. Detailed classification of the land covers was realized within remote sensing measurements, specifically with the flying radiometric laboratory IL-18(Iliushin-18) of the Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences [2,5,43]. The measurements were obtained with microwave radiometry at wavelengths μ = 0.8, 1.35, 2.25, 3.4, 10, 18, 20, 21, 27 and 30 cm [4].…”