“…Ecosystem degradation can be caused by an imbalance between human and technological interactions with natural life, such as construction, development, and exploitation (Sholihah and Sjarmidi, 2014;Maurya et al, 2020;Mentis, 2020). Exploitation in mining areas has caused a number of social conflicts, changes in the physicochemical and biological environment, and severe ecological problems, namely soil fertility destruction or extensive soil damage, fauna displacement, vegetation suppression, and triggers erosion and landslides (Sheoran et al, 2010;Kumar, 2013;Herdiansyah et al, 2018;Nadalia and Pulunggono, 2020;Ramadhan et al, 2020;Hengkai et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021;Martins et al, 2022). The destruction of soil fertility leads to land damage.…”