Environmental controls on mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes

Coogan, L. A.; Seyfried, William E.; Pester, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119285

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The prominent peaks during the LGM in the mass accumulation rate of Fe in hydrothermal sediments near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise (Fig. 4g) 27,28 supports this hypothesis, although the relationship between the Fe content in hydrothermal sediments and the intensity of seafloor hydrothermalism is still under debate 27,28,[38][39][40] . The hydrothermal Os pulses calculated by the model represent global increases of 20-95% compared to the baseline flux ( Fig.…”

Section: Odp Site 834amentioning

confidence: 77%

Rapid coupling between solid earth and ice volume during the Quaternary

Kuwahara

Yasukawa

Fujinaga

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The solid earth plays a major role in controlling Earth’s surface climate. Volcanic degassing of carbon dioxide (CO2) and silicate chemical weathering are known to regulate the evolution of climate on a geologic timescale (> 106 yr), but the relationship between the solid earth and the shorter (< 105 yr) fluctuations of Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles is still under debate. Here we show that the seawater osmium isotope composition (187Os/188Os), a proxy for the solid earth’s response to climate change, has varied during the past 300,000 years in association with glacial–interglacial cycles. Our marine Os isotope mass-balance simulation reveals that the observed 187Os/188Os fluctuation cannot be explained solely by global chemical weathering rate changes corresponding to glacial–interglacial climate changes, but the fluctuation can be reproduced by taking account of short-term inputs of (1) radiogenic Os derived from intense weathering of glacial till during deglacial periods and (2) unradiogenic Os derived from enhanced seafloor hydrothermalism triggered by sea-level falls associated with increases of ice sheet volume. Our results constitute the first evidence that ice sheet recession and expansion during the Quaternary systematically and repetitively caused short-term (< 105 yr) solid earth responses via chemical weathering of glacial till and seafloor magmatism. This finding implies that climatic changes on < 105 yr timescales can provoke rapid feedbacks from the solid earth, a causal relationship that is the reverse of the longer-term (> 106 yr) causality that has been conventionally considered.

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Section: Odp Site 834amentioning

confidence: 77%

Rapid coupling between solid earth and ice volume during the Quaternary

Kuwahara

Yasukawa

Fujinaga

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The temperature range of hydrothermal venting along mid-ocean ridges and back-arcs, at typically 360-420°C, is a result of water thermal expansion and compressibility rising sharply 305 near the critical point (Bischoff and Rosenbauer, 1985;Coogan et al, 2019) and, hence, the effect of water depth should be secondary. The same argument applies to most submarine volcanic activity, such as greenstone belts.…”

Section: The Mid-ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seawater composition clearly changes with the evolving composition of the atmosphere and with growing continental expanses. It also responds to changing concentrations of chlorine (Coogan et al, 2019), an element that has so far largely eluded extensive observation and 540 well-constrained modeling (Eggenkamp, 2014;Holland, 1984). An original estimate of the chlorinity of Archean seawater was proposed by Marty et al (2018) as an end-member of the correlation between Cl/ 36 Ar and K/ 36 Ar in fluids extracted from a single inclusion in quartz.…”

Section: Chlorinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemistry of ancient oceans is a topic that has been addressed repeatedly in the literature (Coogan et al, 2019;Grotzinger and Kasting, 1993;Holland, 1984;Lyons et al, 2014;Morse and Mackenzie, 1998;Walker et al, 1983) with rather diverging conclusions. Seawater composition is controlled by elemental sources and sinks, while the pace of elemental 110 throughput is via adsorption on particles and biological activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical archeoceanography

et al. 2020

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Introduction 2. The controls on ocean chemistry 2.1. The rise of continents and the changing runoff 2.2. Chemical sedimentation 2.3. The mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems 2.4. Low-temperature marine sources and sinks 3. Equilibria in Archean seawater 3.1. The charge balance 3.2. The proton balance and the chlorine question 3.3. The electron balance 4. Some pre-GOE geochemical cycles 4.1. Chlorine 4.2. Protons 4.3. Electrons 4.4. Iron 4.5. Sodium and potassium 4.6. Magnesium and calcium 4.7. Phosphorus 4.8. Alkalinity 5. Conclusions Acknowledgements *Revised manuscript with no changes marked Click here to view linked References Plain language summary. We here evaluate the constraints on seawater chemistry before free oxygen was introduced into the atmosphere some 2.4 billion years ago. We suggest a 20 simple conceptual framework which we validated on modern seawater and which is based on two so-far largely overlooked observations, namely that the phosphorus concentration and strontium isotopic records in ancient sediments require that emerged continental land masses were covering only ~7% of Earth's surface at the time of the Great Oxidation Event instead of 30% today. Atmospheric and seawater chemistry critically depend on this proportion as 25 well as on the chlorinity of the ocean. The oxygen-free atmosphere allowed iron to remain in solution and to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to methane. The pH of the ancient oceans must have been lower because less river water was available to neutralize the acidic submarine high-temperature hydrothermal fluids emitted at mid-ocean ridges. Limited continental surface starved the sedimentary column for clays. The low pH and scant phosphorus drain-30 age led to rare carbonate deposition. We conclude by proposing a new scheme for Archean marine chemistry and geochemical cycles that can explain the chemical and geological observations from the Archean and early Proterozoic rock record.

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“…12,13 However, the deep phase separation of hydrothermal fluids and water/rock reactions cause the chlorinity of hydrothermal fluids to fluctuate over a wide range. 14,15 In the mid-Atlantic ridge Rainbow hydrothermal zone (2320 m), the Cl concentration in the vent fluid was observed to reach as high as 750 mmol/kg, 16 while in the Southeast Pacific Seamount 17 S-19 S (2600 m), the Cl concentration in the Nadir and Fromveur vent fluids was only 155 mmol/kg. 17 Therefore, the chlorinity of hydrothermal fluids is a crucial indicator to reflect the phase separation and the water/rock reactions occurring beneath the seafloor of the hydrothermal zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Piecewise Model for In Situ Raman Measurement of the Chlorinity of Deep-Sea High-Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids

Zhang

et al. 2021

Appl Spectrosc

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The chlorinity of deep-sea hydrothermal fluids, representing one of the crucial deep-sea hydrothermal indicators, indicates the degree of deep phase separation of hydrothermal fluids and water/rock reactions. However, accurately measuring the chlorinity of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids is still a significant challenge. In this paper, a piecewise chlorinity model to measure the chlorinity of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids was developed based on the OH stretching band of water, exhibiting an accuracy of 96.20%. The peak position, peak area ratio and F value were selected to establish the chlorinity piecewise calibration model within the temperature ranges of 0-50Â°C, 50-200Â°C and 200-300Â°C. Compared with that of the chlorinity calibration model built based on a single parameter, the accuracy of this piecewise model increased by approximately 4.83-12.33%. This chlorinity calibration model was applied to determine the concentrations of Cl for high-temperature hydrothermal fluids in the Okinawa Trough hydrothermal field.

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Environmental controls on mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes

Cited by 14 publications

References 142 publications

Rapid coupling between solid earth and ice volume during the Quaternary

Rapid coupling between solid earth and ice volume during the Quaternary

Chemical archeoceanography

A Piecewise Model for In Situ Raman Measurement of the Chlorinity of Deep-Sea High-Temperature Hydrothermal Fluids

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