Environmental control of torrents environment: one valorisation for prevention of water flood disasters

Abstract

In this article, emphasis is placed on Environmental Planning and prevention of water flood disasters because of problems arising from the application of Directive 2000/60/EU. Thus, a study and a review are conducted, both on the way in which the climate (water) acts upon the space, aiding significantly in the methodology of partitioning, and the relationship between the environment of streams or torrents and its factors and human activities. The question posed is the following: How and with which methods can be achieved the best environmental connection and use of torrents on Environmental planning, when it is well known that torrents in Greece are greater in number and cover a greater area than rivers? Towards the end, various viewpoints of other researchers are presented, which methodologically lead the present article to a new method of approach, deriving both from the way in which the question of water is dealt with, with respect to prevention of water flood disasters, together with human structures for Environmental Planning, and from examining the merits of many applied examples.

Hydrological 2D Modelling of Lithaios River Flows (Greece) Using GIS and Geostatistics for Environmental and Agricultural Water Resources Administration

“…Couples of stage water elevation h(t) and discharge Q(t) measurements were utilized to develop mathematical relationships between them. Lithaios River rating curves (h(t) − Q(t)) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and changes in the riverbed were computed on the basis of the measured variables using various model equations for regression, ANOVA statistical analysis, and the model's fit F test by utilizing the IBM SPSS v.26 statistics software [2,3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…The results are the observations' averages. ANOVA (analysis of variance) [2,3,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] was used to assess velocity (V n i=1 ), discharge (Q T ), and hydraulic depth effects. In the present study, we used geostatistics (the Kriging method with power model) [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] for Environ.…”

“…Furthermore, the validation of Q T and V n i=1 involves analysis of residual errors, which is the gap between predicted and observed data values and the bias forecast between over-and underestimates. For this purpose, we applied the statistical criteria described by other studies [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], such as the equations for residual sum squares (RSS), standard error (SE), and root mean square error (RMSE).…”

“…The results are the observations' averages. ANOVA (analysis of variance) [2,3,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] was used to assess velocity (𝑉 ), discharge (𝑄 ), and hydraulic depth effects. In the present study, we used geostatistics (the Kriging method with power model) [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] for modelling and GIS (geographical information system) hydrological 2D mapping of Lithaios River's water velocity and discharge.…”

“…ANOVA (analysis of variance) [2,3,9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] was used to assess velocity (𝑉 ), discharge (𝑄 ), and hydraulic depth effects. In the present study, we used geostatistics (the Kriging method with power model) [2,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] for modelling and GIS (geographical information system) hydrological 2D mapping of Lithaios River's water velocity and discharge. Furthermore, the validation of 𝑄 and 𝑉 involves analysis of residual errors, which is the gap between predicted and observed data values and the bias forecast between over-and underestimates.…”