Environmental control and test dynamic control of the engine output parameters

Abstract

In modern transport, environmental control plays a key role in shaping the strategy for managing the technical condition of nodes and systems. The first step in reducing the toxicity of exhaust gas emissions was the introduction of Euro standards, successively from Euro-0 to Euro-6. Accompanying the appearance of Euro standards, exhaust systems were supplemented with catalytic converters, which deactivated most of the harmful emissions. Oxygen sensors also began to play a key role, the installation of which resulted in the appearance of feedback. Thus, the global automotive industry is closer to the controllability of the engine output parameters. However, there are not enough parameters, operating modes, and additional controls available for this purpose. The presented studies used a new method of selective control of exhaust gases in each cylinder. The following parameters were used for monitoring: the crankshaft speed, complete and partial (cycle-by-cycle) disconnection of cylinders, O2, CO, CO2, and CH. The mode was provided by the number of the engine's disconnected operated cycles and the crankshaft speed. The control was performed by the internal adjustment of the fuel supply under the influence on the injection duration of the electromagnetic nozzle. During the research, we established the minimum values of the exhaust toxicity parameters during the test effects. This method with a combination of modes and parameters allows us to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases and to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of vehicles.

Arctic Development in Connection with the Northern Sea Route: A Review of Ecological Risks and Ways to Avoid Them

“…Emissions from marine diesel engines are one of the main pollutants of the Arctic territories. Fine particulate matter (FPM) in diesel and gasoline engine exhaust is associated with an increase in various diseases [4,25]. Wu, D. et al [26] showed that FPMs are potentially hazardous and highlighted the importance of assessing the health risks posed by FPMs in exhaust gases.…”

“…Marine basins and coastal areas are subject to ecological impact: due to mining on the shelf, oil and oil product spills during the transportation of goods and fishing activities, etc. Among the atmospheric air pollutants, black carbon (soot), which is emitted when using marine diesel fuel, has a particularly strong negative impact [4,5]. For the Arctic territories, this impact is associated not only with an increase in population diseases but also with snow and ice pollution, which negatively affects ecosystems.…”

Extraction of platinum group metals from catalytic converters

“…Within the automotive industry, platinum group metals (PGMs) have found extensive utilization as catalysts for exhaust gas treatment, a practice that has gained prominence since the 1970s [ 3 ]. This surge in PGM application is primarily caused by the necessity to meet strict environmental requirements, exemplified by regulations like the Euro standards [ 4 ]. Conventional PGM extraction from ores involves labor-intensive processes, underscoring the need for more ecologically sustainable, convenient methodologies for obtaining catalytic systems.…”

Environmental control of the technical condition of electromagnetic nozzles of internal combustion engines

“…The objective of reducing toxicity is addressed in a variety of ways. There have been a number of studies relating to the addition of small amounts of water into the ICE combustion chamber [4][5][6]. Cylinder deactivation [7][8][9][10][11] methods are also fairly widely known.…”