Environmental constraints on Holocene cold‐water coral reef growth off Norway: Insights from a multiproxy approach

Raddatz, Jacek; Liebetrau, Volker; Trotter, Julie; Rüggeberg, Andres; Flögel, Sascha; Dullo, Wolf Christian; Eisenhauer, Anton; Voigt, Silke; McCulloch, Malcolm T.

doi:10.1002/2016pa002974

Cited by 24 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…The first evidence on the temporal occurrence of S. variabilis corals off Brazil presented here strongly supports the findings of Mangini et al 2010and Henry et al (2014) and highlights that CWC mound formation at Bowie Mound shows a tendency to occur in relatively short pulses of \ 4 kyr. This is different from the general formation systematics of CWC mounds in the NE Atlantic Ocean where formation phases during the last 500 kyr occur on interglacial/glacial time scales, predominantly during interglacials at latitudes above 45°N and mainly during glacials at low latitudes less than 37°N (Rüggeberg et al 2007;Eisele et al 2011;Frank et al 2011;Raddatz et al 2014Raddatz et al , 2016Wienberg et al 2009Wienberg et al , 2010 with continuous formation phases of [ 50 ka (e.g. Wienberg et al 2018).…”

Section: Coral Mounds Off Brazil: Temporal Developmentcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water coral mounds off Brazil

et al. 2019

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Cold-water corals (CWC), dominantly Desmophyllum pertusum (previously Lophelia pertusa), and their mounds have been in the focus of marine research during the last two decades; however, little is known about the mound-forming capacity of other CWC species. Here, we present new 230 Th/U age constraints of the relatively rarely studied framework-building CWC Solenosmilia variabilis from a mound structure off the Brazilian margin combined with computed tomography (CT) acquisition. Our results show that S. variabilis can also contribute to mound formation, but reveal coral-free intervals of hemipelagic sediment deposits, which is in contrast to most of the previously studied CWC mound structures. We demonstrate that S. variabilis only occurs in short episodes of \ 4 kyr characterized by a coral content of up to 31 vol%. In particular, it is possible to identify distinct clusters of enhanced aggradation rates (AR) between 54 and 80 cm ka-1. The determined AR are close to the maximal growth rates of individual S. variabilis specimens, but are still up to one order of magnitude smaller than the AR of D. pertusum mounds. Periods of enhanced S. variabilis AR predominantly fall into glacial periods and glacial terminations that were characterized by a 60-90 m lower sea Electronic supplementary material

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Section: Coral Mounds Off Brazil: Temporal Developmentcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water coral mounds off Brazil

et al. 2019

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“…The samples were taken from the uppermost calices after physically cleaning them with a dental drill tool to remove secondary overgrowths. We avoided further cleaning or rinsing with water because studies suggest that structurally substituted Na is readily leached even by distilled water (Ragland et al, 1979). It is possible that organic contents inside the skeleton bias the results as shown in foraminifera (Branson et al, 2016).…”

Section: Study Area and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Here we present a comprehensive attempt to correlate aragonitic Na∕Ca ratios from Desmophyllum pertusum (formerly known as Lophelia pertusa), Madrepora oculata and a caryophylliid cold-water coral (CWC) species with different seawater parameters such as temperature, salinity and pH. Living CWC specimens were collected from 16 different locations and analyzed for their Na∕Ca ratios using solution-based inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements. The results reveal no apparent correlation with salinity (30.1–40.57 g kg−1) but a significant inverse correlation with temperature (-0.31±0.04 mmolmol-1∘C-1). Other marine aragonitic organisms such as Mytilus edulis (inner aragonitic shell portion) and Porites sp. exhibit similar results highlighting the consistency of the calculated CWC regressions. Corresponding Na∕Mg ratios show a similar temperature sensitivity to Na∕Ca ratios, but the combination of two ratios appears to reduce the impact of vital effects and domain-dependent geochemical variation. The high degree of scatter and elemental heterogeneities between the different skeletal features in both Na∕Ca and Na∕Mg, however, limit the use of these ratios as a proxy and/or make a high number of samples necessary. Additionally, we explore two models to explain the observed temperature sensitivity of Na∕Ca ratios for an open and semi-enclosed calcifying space based on temperature-sensitive Na- and Ca-pumping enzymes and transport proteins that change the composition of the calcifying fluid and consequently the skeletal Na∕Ca ratio.

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“…To highlight the applicability of the concept outlined above, here we present brief overviews of three case studies. These and other studies (e.g., Wienberg et al, 2010Wienberg et al, , 2018López Correa et al, 2012;Fink et al, 2013;Stalder et al, 2015;Raddatz et al, 2016;Matos et al, 2017) already give some clear indications about key environmental drivers, which, can, however, be regionally very different. Nevertheless, a comprehensive approach with a similar set of proxies addressing the most likely critical environmental parameters for various CWC settings is still missing.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Analyzing the long-term development of CWC in the past reveals that CWC are apparently quite tolerant to environmental change as crossings of tipping points are mostly limited to major environmental overturns, although also short-term extinction events have been described on a regional scale (Fink et al, 2012(Fink et al, , 2015López Correa et al, 2012;Raddatz et al, 2016). While major environmental overturns associated with transitions from glacial to interglacial conditions and vice versa might cause the demise of CWC at one site, they might support coral re-settlement at another site (e.g., Frank et al, 2011) highlighting the complex response of CWC to environmental changes.…”

Section: Summarizing Available Case Study Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pattern of climate change-driven regional variations in coral proliferation is not just valid for the recent interglacial and last glacial (i.e., the last ∼ 70,000 years), but can also be traced further back in time comprising previous glacial and interglacial stages (Frank et al, 2011;Raddatz et al, 2014b;Van der Land et al, 2014;Matos et al, 2017;Wienberg et al, 2018). Beside major changes in CWC proliferation linked to glacial/interglacial climate variability, CWC development has regionally also been interrupted on shorter time scales, lasting for a few hundreds to thousands of years during interglacial or glacial periods (e.g., Fink et al, 2015;Raddatz et al, 2016;Wienberg et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Concept Tipping Points Crossed In the Pastmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Fate of Cold-Water Corals in a Changing World: A Geological Perspective

et al. 2019

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As "ecosystem engineers," framework-forming scleractinian cold-water corals (CWC) build reefs that are unique biodiversity hotspots in the deep sea. Studies using common biological techniques such as correlating the spatial occurrence of the most common CWC species with modeled environmental conditions have revealed the ecological requirements and tolerances of these species. However, limited field observations and poorly understood geographical distribution patterns of the CWC restrict the application of existing knowledge toward assessing their fate (e.g., local extinction, newly established populations) under ongoing global change. Hence, the risk to cross ecological tipping points causing the demise (or establishment) of entire CWC reefs remains unclear. A major challenge is to identify the key environmental parameters (or stressors) having the potential to control CWC vitality by providing such tipping points. This is largely hampered by the overall lack of present-day observations of such tipping point crossings. However, evidence for such events is frequently preserved in geological records revealing that entire CWC ecosystems vanished or returned at specific moments in the past. Here, a geological approach is presented that by correlating geological CWC records with paleoceanographic data describing past environmental changes allows to identify a set of key environmental drivers that directly or indirectly control CWC vitality. Thus, by combining such a geological approach with common biological techniques (see above) to describe the ecological tolerance of the most important reefbuilding CWC has a great potential to better assess their future spatial distribution in times of accelerating global change and to improve the sustainable management of the important deep-sea ecosystems formed by CWC.

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Environmental constraints on Holocene cold‐water coral reef growth off Norway: Insights from a multiproxy approach

Cited by 24 publications

References 115 publications

Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water coral mounds off Brazil

Solenosmilia variabilis-bearing cold-water coral mounds off Brazil

Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals

The Fate of Cold-Water Corals in a Changing World: A Geological Perspective

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