Environmental conditions during the late Oligocene transgression in the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Eferding Formation, Egerian) – A multidisciplinary approach

Filek, Thomas; Hofmayer, Felix; Feichtinger, Iris; Berning, Björn; Pollerspöck, Jürgen; Zwicker, Jennifer; Smrzka, Daniel; Peckmann, Jörn; Kranner, Matthias; Mandić, Oleg; Reichenbacher, Bettina; Kroh, Andreas; Uchman, Alfred; Roetzel, Reinhard; Harzhauser, Mathias

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110527

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…2015; Filek et al . 2021). Today, authigenic phosphate crusts, nodules and concretions precipitate in organic-rich sediments at shallow depth (Soudry, 2000; Arning et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scarcity or the lack of bioturbation in the black shales at Drewer (Siegmund et al 2002; own observation) agrees with episodically anoxic bottom water conditions. Phosphogenesis in black shales and other organic-rich deposits is commonly manifested in the form of laminated crusts, lithified hardgrounds and gravels, disseminated nodules and oval to spherical concretions (Glenn et al 1994;Scasso & Castro, 1999;Arning et al 2009a, Bradbury et al 2015Filek et al 2021). Today, authigenic phosphate crusts, nodules and concretions precipitate in organic-rich sediments at shallow depth (Soudry, 2000;Arning et al 2009a), deposited either below upwelling or oxygen minimum zones (Föllmi, 1996;Arning et al 2008).…”

Section: A Phosphogenesis and Concretion Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemotrophy-based phosphatic microstromatolites from the Mississippian at Drewer, Rhenish Massif, Germany

Zwicker,

Smrzka,

Gothieu

et al. 2023

Geol. Mag.

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The Drewer quarry located in the Rhenish Massif is a well-studied outcrop that comprises Upper Devonian (Famennian) to Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) strata. Within the Drewer deposits two black shale intervals have been described that are linked to two global oceanic anoxic events, the Hangenberg Event and the Lower Alum Shale Event. The black shales associated with the Middle Tournaisian Lower Alum Shale Event contain abundant phosphatic concretions, which were investigated using thin section petrography, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The concretions formed during several growth phases under anoxic and at least episodically sulphidic conditions within the sediment and served as a substrate for subsurface microbial mats that formed phosphatic microstromatolites. The microstromatolites occur either as partially branched columns of up to 600 µm in length attached to the phosphatic concretions or as smaller, bulbous aggregates surrounding the concretions. Element mapping identified the presence of pyrite and other metal sulphides within the phosphatic microstromatolites. The carbon and oxygen stable isotopic composition of phosphate-associated carbonate within the phosphatic microstromatolites suggests that the mat-forming microorganisms were probably anaerobic, chemotrophic microbial communities dwelling in the anoxic environment during the Lower Alum Shale Event. Such interpretation agrees with the deeper-water depositional setting of the Lower Alum Black Shale and its high content of organic matter, suggesting that chemotrophic microbial mats are potent agents of phosphogenesis in general, and of the formation of phosphatic stromatolites in particular.

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“…2015; Filek et al . 2021). Today, authigenic phosphate crusts, nodules and concretions precipitate in organic-rich sediments at shallow depth (Soudry, 2000; Arning et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Phosphogenesis and Concretion Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotrophy-based phosphatic microstromatolites from the Mississippian at Drewer, Rhenish Massif, Germany

Zwicker,

Smrzka,

Gothieu

et al. 2023

Geol. Mag.

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“…Locality and stratigraphy of the Pucking locality. A , location map; B , simplified geological map of the Linz area detailing the Pucking locality (modified from Filek et al, 2021); C , stratigraphic chart of the regional Paratethys stages showing the position of the Ebelsberg Formation (after Filek et al, 2021); D , paleogeographic reconstruction of the Paratethys region during the Aquitanian (= upper Egerian) (after Harzhauser & Piller, 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of modern marlins (Teleostei: Istiophoridae): new fossil evidence from the Lower Miocene of Austria

De Gracia,

Berning,

Kriwet

2023

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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We report the oldest fossil record of Istiophoridae from the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin (Western Paratethys) in Pucking, Austria (Lower Miocene, lower Aquitanian, ∼22.4 Ma). The studied specimen consists of fragments of five articulated vertebrae and a partially preserved second dorsal fin. We found that the Pucking specimen is only surpassed in age by an isolated vertebra from the Chandler Bridge Formation (South Carolina, U.S.A.), with ∼24.7-23.5 Ma. Pucking and the Chandler Bridge Formation differ in age by ∼1.1-2.6 Ma. The fossil istiophorid from the Chandler Bridge Formation was considered controversial due to the large gap in the fossil record between the first appearance of Istiophoridae and the last appearance of any other extinct billfish clade. Here we report that Pucking (Lower Miocene) and South Carolina (Oligocene) share the occurrence of Istiophoridae, †Xiphiorhynchinae (Xiphiidae), and †Aglyptorhynchinae ( †Palaeorhynchidae). Our finding demonstrates that the coexistence of different groups of billfishes is maintained over time and that the Chandler Bridge specimen is a reliable record. Our work closes a temporal gap of ∼4.4 Ma between the previously recognized oldest Istiophoridae (∼18 Ma) and the last appearance of †Xiphiorhynchinae and †Aglyptorhynchinae. This result supports a longer evolutionary history for Istiophoridae, establishes continuity in the billfish fossil record, and is significant for future time calibrated phylogenies.

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“…Regional climatic reconstructions suggested a stable warm and humid climate during the Oligocene/Early Miocene (Mosbrugger et al, 2005;Grunert et al, 2014;Filek et al, 2021) with mean annual precipitation rates consistently >900 mm in the foreland (Mosbrugger et al, 2005). As climatic records are still sparse from the NAFB, we cannot exclude the possibility that climatic fluctuations on timescales below 1 Myrs have occurred.…”

Section: Interpretation Provenance Information From Clay-sized Sedime...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Apatites Record Sedimentary Provenance Change 4–5 Myrs Before Clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine Molasse

Hülscher

Sobel²,

Kallnik³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Extracting information about past tectonic or climatic environmental changes from sedimentary records is a key objective of provenance research. Interpreting the imprint of such changes remains challenging as signals might be altered in the sediment-routing system. We investigate the sedimentary provenance of the Oligocene/Miocene Upper Austrian Northern Alpine Foreland Basin and its response to the tectonically driven exhumation of the Tauern Window metamorphic dome (28 ± 1 Ma) in the Eastern European Alps by using the unprecedented combination of Nd isotopic composition of bulk-rock clay-sized samples and partly previously published multi-proxy (Nd isotopic composition, trace-element geochemistry, U-Pb dating) sand-sized apatite single-grain analysis. The basin offers an excellent opportunity to investigate environmental signal propagation into the sedimentary record because comprehensive stratigraphic and seismic datasets can be combined with present research results. The bulk-rock clay-sized fraction εNd values of well-cutting samples from one well on the northern basin slope remained stable at ∼−9.7 from 27 to 19 Ma but increased after 19 Ma to ∼−9.1. In contrast, apatite single-grain distributions, which were extracted from 22 drill-core samples, changed significantly around 23.3 Ma from apatites dominantly from low-grade (<upper amphibolite-facies) metamorphic sources with Permo-Mesozoic and late Variscan U-Pb ages and εNd values of −4.4 to dominantly high-grade metamorphic apatites with late Variscan U-Pb ages and εNd values of −2.2. The change in apatite single-grain distributions at 23.3 Ma is interpreted to result from the exposure of a new Upper Austroalpine source nappe with less negative εNd values triggered by the ongoing Tauern Window exhumation. Combining these data with the clay-sized bulk-rock εNd values reveals that the provenance changed 4–5 Myrs later at 19 Ma in the clay-sized fraction. Reasons for the delayed provenance-change recording are rooted in the characteristics of the applied methods. Whereas single-grain distributions of orogen-wide sediment-routing systems can be dominated by geographically small areas with high erosion and mineral fertility rates, bulk-rock methods integrate over the entire drainage basin, thus diminishing extreme values. Hence, by combining these two methods, spatial information are uncovered, enabling a previously unattained understanding of the underlying environmental change.

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Environmental conditions during the late Oligocene transgression in the North Alpine Foreland Basin (Eferding Formation, Egerian) – A multidisciplinary approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

Chemotrophy-based phosphatic microstromatolites from the Mississippian at Drewer, Rhenish Massif, Germany

Chemotrophy-based phosphatic microstromatolites from the Mississippian at Drewer, Rhenish Massif, Germany

The origin of modern marlins (Teleostei: Istiophoridae): new fossil evidence from the Lower Miocene of Austria

Apatites Record Sedimentary Provenance Change 4–5 Myrs Before Clay in the Oligocene/Miocene Alpine Molasse

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