Environmental Chemicals and Changes in Sex Ratio: Analysis over 250 Years in Finland

Vartiainen, Terttu; Kartovaara, Leena; Tuomisto, Jouko

doi:10.2307/3454578

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Recent reports on their endocrine disrupting properties concern their long-term hazardous effects on the environment from various aspects, including their multiform threats to human reproductive health [3]. Increasing exposure to phthalates might be partially responsible for the recent decline in the male ratio [4], the premature breast development [5], and the development of breast cancer [6]. The continuous release of large quantities of phthalates to the environment made the concentrations and exposures remained substantial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and determination of phthalates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Guo

Wen

Shan

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and determination of phthalates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Guo

Wen

Shan

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…In humans, the male : female ratio appears to be declining in some, but not all developed countries in the period since World War II ( Jongbloet et al 2001), and the role of environmental pollutants in this trend is hotly debated (Lummaa et al 1998;Vartiainen et al 1999), as are the relative importance of other factors such as polygyny, the age and condition of the mother, household wealth and frequency of coitus (Gaulin & Robbins 1991;Lindström & Kokko 1998;Gutierrez-Adan et al 2000;Koziel & Ulijaszek 2001). War induces a relative excess of male births (Graffelman & Hoekstra 2000); in both Germany (in World Wars I and II) and The Netherlands (in World War II, but not in World War I when The Netherlands was neutral), the proportion of males at birth was elevated (Bromen & Jockel 1997;Van den Broek 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute undernutrition is not associated with excess of females at birth in humans: the Dutch Hunger Winter

Stein

Zybert

Lumey

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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It has been suggested that maternal undernutrition results in adjustment of the sex ratio at birth, favouring females. We tested this hypothesis using births during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-1945, an acute severe famine of seven months' duration. There was no evidence of an excess of female births among deliveries of human infants exposed to famine in any period in gestation. Indeed, among deliveries to women maximally exposed to famine prior to conception, there was an excess (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09-1.58; p = 0.004) of male offspring. Our data do not provide any support for acute and severe maternal undernutrition as a trigger for an increase in female conceptions or in male foetal deaths in human populations.

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“…In the same paper, it is indicated that latitude can have an impact on sex differentials where countries near the equator produce more females than those near the poles (Vartiainen, Kartovaara, and Tuomisto 1999). These scientists found that the peak ratio of male proportion precedes the period of industrialization or the introduction of pesticides or hormonal drugs, rendering a causal association between environmental chemicals and human sex ratio at birth.…”

Section: Gestational and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparative Analysis of Variations in Human Sex Ratios of Live Births Among African Populations and at Global Levels

Bariagaber¹,

Keetile²

2016

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Definition: The final net live birth delivery from the mother's womb, with distinct male and female genetic traits, forms a ratio of male live births per 100 female live births, termed as Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB). Study areas and source of data: The study areas are Africa and major worldwide continents and countries. The basic data are compiled from the National Population and Housing Censuses, Demographic Sample Surveys, Demographic and Health Surveys, and Vital Registration Systems.Analytical approaches: The factors influencing the variations in SRB are identified by reviewing various documents, analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques, and statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: The ratios are consistently higher for advanced countries than the developing countries, with highest for China and India. The ANOVA results show slight differences among the 50 African countries but show differences among the African regional states, whereas the standard deviation of the SRB among the advanced countries, including some Asian and Latin American countries shows non-significant variations. In conclusion, the mean SRB for African populations is 103 as against 106 for other countries.

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Environmental Chemicals and Changes in Sex Ratio: Analysis over 250 Years in Finland

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Separation and determination of phthalates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Separation and determination of phthalates by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Acute undernutrition is not associated with excess of females at birth in humans: the Dutch Hunger Winter

Comparative Analysis of Variations in Human Sex Ratios of Live Births Among African Populations and at Global Levels

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