Environmental Chemicals

Abstract

Hazard index (HI) 4.2.2 Point of Departure Index (PODI) 4.2.3 Toxicity equivalency factors (TEF) 4.2.4 Margin of exposure (MOE) 4.2.5 Cumulative risk index (CRI) 4.3 USE OF RESPONSE ADDITION (SIMPLE DISSIMILAR ACTION) IN THE RISK ASSESSMENT OF MIXTURES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH).45 4.4 APPROACH TO ASSESS SIMPLE AND COMPLEX MICTURES SUGGESTED BY THE DUTCH GROUP 4.4.1 Simple mixtures 4.4.2 Complex mixtures 4.5 APPROCH FOR ASSESSMENT OF JOINT TOXIC ACTION OF CHEMICAL MIXTURES SUGGESTED BY ATSDR 4.5.1 ATSDR strategy for noncarcinogenic effects 4.5.2 ATSDR strategy for carcinogenic effects 4.6 APPROACHES CURRENTLY USED BY REGULATORY AGENCIES IN DENMARK 4.6.1 Danish Working Environment Authority 4.6.2 The Danish Environmental Protection Agency 4.6.3 The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration 5 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES USING SIMPLE, WELL-DEFINED MIXTURES 5.1 7.2.4 Test systems 7.2.5 In vitro assays 7.2.6 In vivo assays 7.2.7 Interactions between genotoxic substances 7.2.8 Conclusion 7.3 CARCINOGENICITY 7.3.1 Introduction 7.3.2 Combination effects in initiation 7.3.3 Combination effects in promotion 7.3.4 Combination effect at later stages 7.3.5 Anticarcinogenesis 7.3.6 Conclusions: Over-all effects and complex mixtures 7.4 REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 7.4.1 Introduction 7.4.2 In vitro studies for testing interaction of teratogenic compounds 7.4.3 Examples of interaction of reproductive toxicants in vivo 7.4.4 Evaluation of the in vivo studies 7.4.5 Conclusions 7.5 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS 7.5.1 Introduction 7.5.2 Examples of studies on interaction of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) 7.5.3 Comments on studies dealing with interactions of EDCs 7.5.4 The isobole method -a practical approach 7.5.5 Conclusion 7