Environmental characteristics of clay and clay-based minerals

Mana, Suzanne Christine Aboudi; Hanafiah, Marlia Mohd; Chowdhury, Ahmed Jalal Khan

doi:10.1080/24749508.2017.1361128

Cited by 77 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3. Addition of small molecules in pore/cavities and partial or complete elimination of large molecules by the cavities through zeolitic adsorption action [73]. The adsorption capacities of clay minerals depend on various factors.…”

Section: Adsorptive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics of Clay Minerals and Their Characteristic Properties

Kumari¹,

Mohan²

2021

Clay and Clay Minerals

128

106

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Clay minerals such as kaolinite, smectite, chlorite, micas are main components of raw materials of clay and formed in presence of water. A large number of clays used to form the different structure which completely depends on their mining source. They are known as hydrous phyllosilicate having silica, alumina and water with variable amount of inorganic ions like Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+ which are found either in interlayer space or on the planetary surface. Clay minerals are described by presence of two-dimensional sheets, tetrahedral (SiO4) and octahedral (Al2O3). There are different clay minerals which are categorized based on presence of tetrahedral and octahedral layer in their structure like kaolinite (1:1 of tetrahedral and octahedral layers), smectite group of clay minerals (2:1 of tetrahedral and octahedral layers) and chlorite (2:1:1 of tetrahedral, octahedral and octahedral layers). The particle size of clay minerals is <2microns which can be present in form of plastic in presence of water and solidified when dried. The small size and their distinctive crystal structure make clay minerals very special with their unique properties including high cation exchange capacity, swelling behavior, specific surface area, adsorption capacity, etc. which are described in this chapter. Due to all these unique properties, clay minerals are gaining interest in different fields.

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Section: Adsorptive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basics of Clay Minerals and Their Characteristic Properties

Kumari¹,

Mohan²

2021

Clay and Clay Minerals

128

106

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“…The treatment of waste brick with sodium hydroxide solution improved the removal properties of the waste brick towards basic blue 41 [33] due to the increase of hydroxide anions, in other words, to the increase of the negative charges on the surfaces. The origin of clay minerals affected its chemical properties and its resulting derived materials [37][38][39][40]. The resulting bricks varied in chemical and textural compositions from one place to another, depending on their geological origin and the presence of organic and inorganic impurities [41][42][43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency

et al. 2019

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Waste brick materials were applied as removal materials of basic blue 41 (BB-41) from artificially contaminated water. They were characterized by different techniques prior their use. A series of removal tests were carried out at different conditions, such as a dosage effect, pH value, initial concentrations, and chemical treatment. The removal results indicated that the two untreated waste bricks had limited removal capacities of basic blue 41, ranging from 19 to 30 mg/g. However, these values were improved upon treatment with NaOH solution or by increasing the removal temperature. Waste brick collected from the Medina area (Med-WB) exhibited higher removal capacity compared to the one collected from the Jeddah area (Jed-WB), with a maximum removal capacity of 60 mg/g at 60 °C. The pH of the BB-41 solution also played an important factor, as it improved the removal amounts from 25 mg/g to 45 mg/g at initial concentration of 200 mg/L. The regenerative process was studied using oxidative reaction of the removed basic blue 41 with a solution of oxone and cobalt nitrate. The efficiency was maintained after 5 runs for Med-WB, with a slight variation of 25%, while it felt to 50% for Jed-WB material after three runs. These data indicate that the waste brick materials present as potential candidates for the dye removal and their origin has to be identified.

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“…The general structure of clays in which different clays could be distinguished by the ratio of tetrahedral to octahedral layer 72,73 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] permeation, power density, oxidative stability, and selectivity depends on the desired properties of the study. This section will briefly discuss the significance of several tests to evaluate the hybrid membranes prepared with fillers incorporated that are considered preceding the lacking membranes.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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Summary This study discusses three conductive materials—carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite which recently being used as fillers in membranes of fuel cell application and commonly hybridized with polymers as the matrix. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is using a polymer‐based membrane as the electrolyte, which might require filler or functionalization to enhance their cell performance. This review provides brief information for the researcher who insists on improving the current PEM using these potential fillers, specified with required values of membrane properties measurement. It also entails the special features of the nanofillers concerning their chemical structure and electrochemical properties based on recent studies. As electricity is generated from an external fuel source, the membranes that are used should be more than 0.1 S/cm of proton conductivity, low fuel permeability (< 1.37 x 10−6 cm2/s), cheap, and high stability in dry and wet condition. PEM is widely being utilized together with filler(s) incorporated as a purpose to overcome recent drawbacks encountered by the commercial Nafion membrane solely. Hence, the fillers embedded in the membrane are necessarily to have the promising characteristics, acknowledging the potential performances of three conductive nanofillers of (a) carbon nanotubes which is well‐known of its electrical conducting potential with three cylindrical design, (b) graphene oxide which is a reactive carbonaceous material with its multifunctional groups and (c) montmorillonite which is one of the clay types that has tetrahedral and octahedral layers of alumina‐silicates for producing better hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane. Highlights Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are highly promising conductive fillers with outstanding cell performances based on previous studies. Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are chosen as incorporated fillers recently due to their rolling up direction (chirality vector of graphene sheet), reactive functional groups attached on the carbon atoms and ionic multilayers of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheet, respectively. High proton conductivity, low electronic conductivity, low fuel permeability, low water transport, low production cost, and high mechanical stability in both dry and wet condition are properties that should be portrayed by a good hybrid membrane.

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Environmental characteristics of clay and clay-based minerals

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Basics of Clay Minerals and Their Characteristic Properties

Basics of Clay Minerals and Their Characteristic Properties

Waste Bricks Applied as Removal Agent of Basic Blue 41 from Aqueous Solutions: Base Treatment and Their Regeneration Efficiency

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

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