Environmental Biochemistry of Chromium

Chromium immobilization by extra- and intraradical fungal structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses

“…Chromium (Cr) is one of the common elements that exist in the natural environment [1]. It is widely used in electroplating, leather tanning, pigment production, etc.…”

“…It is widely used in electroplating, leather tanning, pigment production, etc. [1], while industrial utilization of Cr could potentially lead to Cr discharge into the environment resulting in Cr contamination [2]. Cr is possibly essential for human beings and animals, but toxic to all living organisms if present at an excessive level [1,2].…”

“…[1], while industrial utilization of Cr could potentially lead to Cr discharge into the environment resulting in Cr contamination [2]. Cr is possibly essential for human beings and animals, but toxic to all living organisms if present at an excessive level [1,2]. There are two stable Cr species, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and trivalent chromium [Cr(III)], of which Cr(VI) is more toxic and mobile than Cr(III) [2].…”

Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)–Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy

“…chromite (Fe,Mg)-(Cr,A1,Fe) 2 0 4 [8]. are widely used in numerous industrial processes [10] that E-mail address: tdaulton@physics.wustl.edu (T.L. Daulton).…”

Limitation of spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the Haihe River, China, by heavy metals

“…Moreover, hexavalent Cr compounds (mainly chromates and dichromates) are much more mobile in soil/water systems than trivalent Cr compounds. The trivalent state is generally considered to be the stable form in equilibrium with most soil/water systems (Losi et al, 1994). In the Fuyang River, Cr probably primarily occurred in the form of Cr 3+ and therefore did not inhibit ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.…”