“…Currently, inorganic nanomaterials including zero-dimensional (OD), , one-dimensional (1D), , two-dimensional (2D), − and three-dimensional (3D) materials have attracted increasing attention due to their physicochemical properties being different from those of their bulk part. , We have mainly focused on 0D inorganic nanomaterials, i.e., metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, , because of their high surface area to volume ratio, sharp size distribution in the range of 1–100 nm, and uniformity in their shape . Nanoparticles in the elemental form of metals, especially of Ag, Au, Fe, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, and Co, have been widely used for their antimicrobial, − optical, , catalytic, − electronics, , and sensing properties and also as doping agents . Nanoparticles have also been employed in different fields such as health care, cosmetics, food industries, environmental remediation, optics, biomedical sciences, chemical industries, electronics, , drug delivery, energy science, optoelectronics, catalysis, − etc.…”