Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of cationic surfactants towards marine organisms

Kaczerewska, Olga; Freitas, Rosa; Figueiredo, Joana; Loureiro, Susana; Tedim, João

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122299

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The previous studies showed that the organism's responses could be different and influenced by various factors, such as: fish species and their characteristics, exposure time (acute or chronic), surfactant type and tested concentration, laboratory test conditions (static/semi-static/dynamic test solutions, dilution water characteristics, aeration, and test vessels). Therefore, the ecotoxicological data and the magnitude of monitoring effects are very varied [1,3,5,8,9,14,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, cationic surfactants are widely used for various household and industrial applications, in the composition of personal care products, but also in pharmacy, chemistry, biocide (antimicrobials), metallurgy, and petrochemistry products [1]. Therefore, large amounts of surfactants, as well as their by-products, are discharged into sewage with the final destination being the surface aquatic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver

et al. 2020

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Benzenthonium chloride (BEC, Hyamine 1622) is a quaternary ammonium surfactant with cationic properties widely used in cleaning, sanitation, and medical products that can become harmful to humans and also to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate its acute effects on Cyprinus carpio fish in terms of oxidative stress and morphological changes on hepatic tissue in order to show the sub-lethal toxicity of BEC. Fish were exposed to 1 mg/L BEC for 24, 48, and 96 h, and the liver samples were collected. The most significant changes were noticed after 96 h of exposure when the entire antioxidant enzyme system was affected. The activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase decreased by 44%, 31%, 30%, and 45%, respectively, compared to control. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased by 29% after 96 h of control, inducing a reduction of NADPH formation which decreased by half the level of reduced glutathione, the main non-enzymatic antioxidant. These effects correlated with the raised value of lipid peroxidation after 96 h and the morphology changes on hepatic tissue, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization and nuclear hypertrophy that could affect the normal function of the liver. All of these results showed acute toxicity of BEC on C. carpio after 96 h of exposure, causing oxidative stress response at the hepatic level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver

et al. 2020

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“…I. galbana was cultivated using the GoldMedium (aqualAlgae ® ) prepared according to manufacturer instructions. Cultures were maintained under the same conditions as mentioned by Kaczerewska et al [59]. To create the growth curve, a dilution series with a factor of two (with eleven points) was used.…”

Section: Clearance Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To create the growth curve, a dilution series with a factor of two (with eleven points) was used. The cell density was then determined by direct counting in a Neubauer hemocytometer using an optical microscope and, by fluorescence (λexcitation: 475 ± 20 nm; λemission: 645 ± 40 nm) in a microplate reader (Biotek ® Synergy HT, VT, USA) [59]. The initial cell density was approximately 10 6 cells/mL and the linear regression equation used to convert fluorescence (X) into microalgae cell density (cells/mL, as cell number per millilitre) (Y) was: Y = 465.17 X − 500,951 (r 2 = 0.9938)…”

Section: Clearance Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

How Does Mytilus galloprovincialis Respond When Exposed to the Gametophyte Phase of the Invasive Red Macroalga Asparagopsis armata Exudate?

Coelho

Oliveira

Pires

et al. 2021

Water

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Asparagopsis armata is classified as an invasive species in Europe. Through the exudation of secondary metabolites, this macroalga holds a chemical defence against consumers, with potential toxic effects to native rocky shore communities. This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of A. armata (gametophyte) exudate in a native species, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, in terms of biochemical and organismal effects. The 96 h-LC50 was 3.667% and based on it, exudate concentrations (0.25; 0.5; 1; 2%) were determined to further sublethal experiments. These sublethal concentrations caused no oxidative damage in the digestive gland since lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were not affected. Nevertheless, there was a significant rise in the electron transport system activity and total glutathione content in muscle, suggesting an increased non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and consequent energy consumption to cope with potential pro-oxidant compounds. This might have contributed to the observed decline in cellular energy allocation of the exposed mussels. At the organismal level, clearance capacity declined along the concentration gradient. Moreover, the number of functional byssuses decreased with increasing concentrations and a significant reduction in their attachment strength was observed. These findings suggest that the presence of A. armata may compromise M. galloprovincialis integrity in the invaded coastal areas.

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“…According to Figueiredo et al [12] this effect can be attributed to the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) used in the synthesis of the mesoporous silica nanocapsules [23]. CTAB is a quaternary ammonium compound (QACs), a class of toxic surfactants towards aquatic species [12,31]. Besides, residues of this organic component can be detected even after several washes [12] explaining the recently reported effects of SiNC on the fertilization and embryo-larval development of the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus [32] and the inhibition settlement of the bryozoan Bugula neritina larvae [33].…”

Section: Embryo-larval Development Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Encapsulation of the Biocide DCOIT Affect the Anti-Fouling Efficacy and Toxicity on Tropical Bivalves?

et al. 2020

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The encapsulation of the biocide DCOIT in mesoporous silica nanocapsules (SiNC) has been applied to reduce the leaching rate and the associated environmental impacts of coatings containing this biocide. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of DCOIT in both free and nanostructured forms (DCOIT vs. SiNC-DCOIT, respectively) and the unloaded SiNC on different life stages of the bivalve Perna perna: (a) gametes (fertilization success), (b) embryos (larval development), and (c) juveniles mussels (byssus threads production and air survival after 72 h of aqueous exposure). The effects on fertilization success showed high toxicity of DCOIT (40 min-EC50 = 0.063 μg L−1), followed by SiNC-DCOIT (8.6 μg L−1) and SiNC (161 μg L−1). The estimated 48 h-EC50 of SiNC, DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT on larval development were 39.8, 12.4 and 6.8 μg L−1, respectively. The estimated 72 h-EC50 for byssus thread production were 96.1 and 305.5 µg L−1, for free DCOIT and SiNC-DCOIT, respectively. Air survival was significantly reduced only for mussels exposed to free DCOIT. Compared to its free form, SiNC-DCOIT presented a balanced alternative between efficacy and toxicity, inhibiting efficiently the development of the target stage (larvae that is prone to settle) and satisfactorily preventing the juvenile attachment.

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Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of cationic surfactants towards marine organisms

Cited by 87 publications

References 35 publications

Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver

Evaluation of Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Benzethonium Chloride in Cyprinus carpio Liver

How Does Mytilus galloprovincialis Respond When Exposed to the Gametophyte Phase of the Invasive Red Macroalga Asparagopsis armata Exudate?

Can Encapsulation of the Biocide DCOIT Affect the Anti-Fouling Efficacy and Toxicity on Tropical Bivalves?

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