Environmental Behavior of Titanium Alloys ‐ Threats, Mechanisms and Knowledge Gaps

Rugg, David

doi:10.1002/9781119296126.ch248

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A prevalent theme in SCC for these systems is the balance between oxide film rupture by stress, the subsequent local reactions that produce and locally charge hydrogen into the substrate and the ability of the material to re-passivate. Hydrogen is at the heart of most SCC failure modes and this is clearly reflected in the trends as a function of alloy content and texture where systems with a low β content [49] and high basal plane intensity perpendicular to the loading axis [50] are most sensitive to embrittlement. The influence of texture in SCC requires care when comparing specimen tests to component behaviour by ensuring that representative worst-case textures have been studied in the laboratory.…”

Section: (D) Mechanical Issues Arising From Bulk Alloy Hydrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen in Ti and Zr alloys: industrial perspective, failure modes and mechanistic understanding

Chapman

Dye²,

Rugg

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Titanium is widely used in demanding applications, such as in aerospace. Its strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance make it well suited to highly stressed rotating components. Zirconium has a no less critical application where its low neutron capture cross section and good corrosion resistance in hot water and steam make it well suited to reactor core use, including fuel cladding and structures. The similar metallurgical behaviour of these alloy systems makes it alluring to compare and contrast their behaviour. This is rarely undertaken, mostly because the industrial and academic communities studying these alloys have little overlap. The similarities with respect to hydrogen are remarkable, albeit potentially unsurprising, and so this paper aims to provide an overview of the role hydrogen has to play through the material life cycle. This includes the relationship between alloy design and manufacturing process windows, the role of hydrogen in degradation and failure mechanisms and some of the underpinning metallurgy. The potential role of some advanced experimental and modelling techniques will also be explored to give a tentative view of potential for advances in this field in the next decade or so.This article is part of the themed issue 'The challenges of hydrogen and metals'.

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Section: (D) Mechanical Issues Arising From Bulk Alloy Hydrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen in Ti and Zr alloys: industrial perspective, failure modes and mechanistic understanding

Chapman

Dye²,

Rugg

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…In rare cases, the formation of an alpha-case layer has also been reported in aircraft engine components that have been exposed to an oxidizing environment during long-term thermal exposure. Rugg [7] states that the use of titanium alloys in gas turbines is limited by environmental rather than mechanical degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Alpha-Case Layer during Oxidation of Ti6Al4V Surface by Annealing at 1050 °C and Change of Microstructure after Different Cooling Rates

Belán

Uhríčik

Kuchariková

et al. 2023

MSF

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The two-phase titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (often referred to as GRADE 5 or Ti64) is currently probably the most widely used type of Ti alloy. It is characterized by an excellent combination of strength - toughness - chemical stability. However, at temperatures above 500 - 800 °C it is prone to the diffusion of oxygen into surface layers, where the increased oxygen content creates the so-called “alpha-case” layer. The formation of this layer is associated with a reduction mainly in the deformation characteristics of the alloy. The paper focuses on the metallographic analysis of the "alpha-case" layer after annealing at 1050 °C with a holding time of 3 hours and cooling at different cooling rates (500 °C/s, 1 °C/s and 0.08 °C/s). Microstructure changes were observed by light microscopy using polarized light – PL, dark field – DF and phases were identified by SEM methods. The influence of changes in the microstructure on the mechanical properties was determined by measuring the microhardness HV0.2 /10 (STN EN ISO 6507) with Zwick / Roell ZHµ and measuring the resistance to impact stress KU (Charpy system STN EN 10045-1). Based on the microhardness measurement, an increase in the microhardness of the surface layers was observed at all cooling rates and at the same time, a decrease in the impact resistance was observed compared to the initial state.

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Alpha-case Formation in Ti–6Al–4V in a Different Oxidizing Environment and Its Effect on Tensile and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior

et al. 2021

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Environmental Behavior of Titanium Alloys ‐ Threats, Mechanisms and Knowledge Gaps

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Hydrogen in Ti and Zr alloys: industrial perspective, failure modes and mechanistic understanding

Hydrogen in Ti and Zr alloys: industrial perspective, failure modes and mechanistic understanding

Formation of Alpha-Case Layer during Oxidation of Ti6Al4V Surface by Annealing at 1050 °C and Change of Microstructure after Different Cooling Rates

Alpha-case Formation in Ti–6Al–4V in a Different Oxidizing Environment and Its Effect on Tensile and Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior

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