Environmental behavior of explosives in groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX in plants

Best, Elly P. H.; Sprecher, Susan L.; Larson, Steven L.; Fredrickson, Herbert L.; Bader, Darlene F.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00117-4

Cited by 69 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Aquatic macrophytes seem to be especially resistant to the toxicity of a great variety of organic pollutants at concentrations normally encountered in typical wastewater compositions. In addition, numerous studies have shown the capability of many macrophyte species to reduce the aqueous concentrations of various organic xenobiotics such as explosives [40,[105][106][107], petroleum hydrocarbons [36], pesticides [108][109][110] and more recently on some pharmaceuticals [100,[111][112][113][114][115].…”

Section: Components Of Cwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Dordio

Carvalho

2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Components Of Cwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Dordio

Carvalho

2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Recent reports have described assays with a variety of plant systems such as yellow nutsedge (163), bush bean (100), switchgrass (172), aquatic and wetland species (21,22,23,48,112,166,240), axenic root cultures (112), and hybrid poplar (230). In most studies, TNT transformation by plants was accompanied by the appearance of its monoamino derivatives 2-and 4-ADNT.…”

Section: Applications In Tnt Bioremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Esteve‐Núñez

Caballero

Ramos

2001

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

419

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitroaromatic compounds are xenobiotics that have found multiple applications in the synthesis of foams, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and explosives. These compounds are toxic and recalcitrant and are degraded relatively slowly in the environment by microorganisms. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound. Certain strains of Pseudomonas and fungi can use TNT as a nitrogen source through the removal of nitrogen as nitrite from TNT under aerobic conditions and the further reduction of the released nitrite to ammonium, which is incorporated into carbon skeletons. Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other fungi mineralize TNT under ligninolytic conditions by converting it into reduced TNT intermediates, which are excreted to the external milieu, where they are substrates for ligninolytic enzymes. Most if not all aerobic microorganisms reduce TNT to the corresponding amino derivatives via the formation of nitroso and hydroxylamine intermediates. Condensation of the latter compounds yields highly recalcitrant azoxytetranitrotoluenes. Anaerobic microorganisms can also degrade TNT through different pathways. One pathway, found in Desulfovibrio and Clostridium, involves reduction of TNT to triaminotoluene; subsequent steps are still not known. Some Clostridium species may reduce TNT to hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes, which are then further metabolized. Another pathway has been described in Pseudomonas sp. strain JLR11 and involves nitrite release and further reduction to ammonium, with almost 85% of the N-TNT incorporated as organic N in the cells. It was recently reported that in this strain TNT can serve as a final electron acceptor in respiratory chains and that the reduction of TNT is coupled to ATP synthesis. In this review we also discuss a number of biotechnological applications of bacteria and fungi, including slurry reactors, composting, and land farming, to remove TNT from polluted soils. These treatments have been designed to achieve mineralization or reduction of TNT and immobilization of its amino derivatives on humic material. These approaches are highly efficient in removing TNT, and increasing amounts of research into the potential usefulness of phytoremediation, rhizophytoremediation, and transgenic plants with bacterial genes for TNT removal are being done

show abstract

“…Metabolism of RDX by the plant is negligible (Harvey et al, 1991;Best et al, 1999). Uptake from aqueous solutions is far higher than uptake from soil, and uptake during short-term exposure is higher than during longterm exposure (Harvey et al, 1991;Price et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects, transfer, and fate of RDX from aged soil in plants and worms

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of RDX in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. These data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. Dose-response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. Long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate chronic, sublethal, toxicity and transfer of aged soil-based explosives, with RDX as main contaminant. In these tests, plants were exposed for 55 days in the greenhouse, biomass was determined and residues of explosives parent compounds and RDX metabolites were analyzed using HPLC techniques. Worms were exposed for 28 days (Eisenia fetida) and 42 days (Enchytraeus crypticus) in the laboratory, biomass and number were determined, and tissues were analyzed for explosives compounds. The plants tolerated concentrations up to 1540 mg RDX kg À1 soil-DW. Biomass of Lolium perenne was not significantly related to soil-RDX concentration, while biomass of Medicago sativa significantly increased. No screening benchmark for RDX in soil for plants was calculated, since concentrations up to 1540 mg kg À1 soil failed to reduce biomass by 20% as required for a LOEC. RDX, RDX-metabolite MNX, and accompanying HMX concentrations in plants were significantly related to concentrations in soil after 55 days of exposure (RDX: R 2 = 0.77-0.89; MNX R 2 = 0.53-0.77; HMX: R 2 = 0.67-0.71). The average bioconcentration factors (BCF) were for RDX 17 in L. perenne and 37 in M. sativa, and for HMX 2 in L. perenne and 44 in M. sativa. The worms also tolerated concentrations up to 1540 mg RDX kg À1 soil-DW. Biomass of E. fetida adults decreased with soil-RDX concentration, and a LOEC of 1253 mg kg À1 soil-DW was estimated. RDX concentrations in E. fetida were significantly related to concentrations in soil after 28-day exposure (R 2 = 0.88). The average BCF in E. fetida for RDX was 1. Because in response to exposure to RDX-contaminated soil the RDX concentrations in plants increased initially and decreased subsequently, while those in worms increased continuously, RDX in worm tissues may accumulate to higher concentrations than in plant tissues, regardless of the low average BCF for worms.

show abstract

Environmental behavior of explosives in groundwater from the Milan Army Ammunition Plant in aquatic and wetland plant treatments. Uptake and fate of TNT and RDX in plants

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Organic xenobiotics removal in constructed wetlands, with emphasis on the importance of the support matrix

Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Effects, transfer, and fate of RDX from aged soil in plants and worms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About