Environmental assessment of road transport fueled by ammonia from a life cycle perspective

Boero, Andrea; Mercier, Adrien; Mounaïm‐Rousselle, Christine; Valera‐Medina, Agustin; Ramírez, Angel D.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136150

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…NO x was chosen as a representative in our follow-up research for the highly watched passenger vehicle APs. , When all of these decarbonization technologies and the CHINA 7 standard were implemented, the NO x emissions could be reduced to 1.05 × 10 4 t in 2050, which was only about 4.8% of the NO x emission in 2020 (Figure B). This result shows that China has the potential to control total passenger vehicle NO x emissions at a very low level in the future, which will have a positive effect on atmospheric improvement and population health enhancement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Passenger Vehicle Emission Standard Helps to Reduce China’s Air Pollution Risk from Uncertainty in Electrification

Xie,

Chen,

Dai

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Upgrading to the CHINA 7 standard is crucial for managing air pollution from passenger vehicles in China. Meanwhile, China aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, which necessitates large-scale replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric vehicles in the future. Consequently, the public might view upgrading gasoline vehicles to the CHINA 7 standard as redundant. However, the emission reduction benefits of upgrading standards in the context of uncertain electrification ambitions have not received adequate attention. Here, we show that upgrading standards will compensate for the absence of emissions reductions due to hindered electrification efforts. In the best scenario, China's CO 2 emissions can be reduced to 0.047 Gt and NO x to 8.2 × 10 3 t in 2050. In nonextreme electrification scenarios with CHINA 7 standard, the emission intensity reduction will remain the main driver for emission reductions, outweighing the electrification contribution. In extreme electrification scenarios, upgrading standards will tackle the increased emissions from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Our fleet-level results advocate for early standards upgrades to enhance resilience against air pollution risks arising from uncertainties in electrification. Our evidence from China, with one of the most stringent emission standards, can provide a reference point for the world on the upgrading passenger vehicle emission standard issue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Passenger Vehicle Emission Standard Helps to Reduce China’s Air Pollution Risk from Uncertainty in Electrification

Xie,

Chen,

Dai

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…An essential concern is the urgent need to replace fossil fuels in the goods transport industry, given their harmful environmental consequences, which necessitate the adoption of alternative energy sources, such as vehicles that run on electricity or biofuels, which are the focus of this analysis. The issue of hydrogen, due to its low energy density and problems resulting from low efficiency in piston engines and big problems in maintaining an appropriate narrow ∆T on fuel cells [72], happens to currently not be a favored option among truck manufacturers, a fact mirrored by the absence of such vehicles in retail sales as well as ammonia powered option [73]. However, work on this type of drive is ongoing [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Criteria Analysis of Semi-Trucks with Conventional and Eco-Drives on the EU Market

Chojnowski,

Dziubak

2024

Energies

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The research provides a comparative theoretical investigation of the operational characteristics of an electric semi-truck and vehicles powered by conventional combustion engines using diesel fuel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and methane (including biomethane) in the dual fuel configuration. The Volvo tractor units that are offered for retail in 2024, namely the Volvo FH Electric, Volvo FH500 in dual fuel configuration, and Volvo FH500TC Diesel Euro VI, were chosen for comparison. The considerations encompassed include the road tractor’s mass, energy usage, power-to-weight ratio, dynamics, ability to recharge or refuel, payload restrictions, impact on logistics expenses, compliance with regulations on drivers’ working hours, and a report on carbon dioxide emissions. The study concludes by discussing and drawing conclusions on the competitiveness of different drive types in truck tractors, specifically in relation to identifying the most suitable areas of application. Synthetic conclusions demonstrate the high effectiveness of the electric drive in urban and suburban conditions. However, vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines using renewable fuels fill the gap in energy-intensive drives in long-distance transport.

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“…In the context of increasing ozone and aerosol concentrations (especially PM 2.5 ) in particular, reactive nitrogen (rN), including ammonia, represents the most important environmental problem in Europe and the world. Ammonia released through (i) the manufacture of nitrogen fertiliser (Haber-Bosch process), (ii) the production and use of manure in agriculture, (iii) industrial processes and (iv) indirect means (through NO x ) from the transportation sector [16] have led to significant levels of reactive nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere, which are then transformed into water sources and land [3,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Meteorological Factors and the Time of Day on the Concentration of Ammonia in the Atmosphere Measured Using the Photoacoustic Method near a Cattle Farm—A Case Study

Kułek,

Weidinger

2023

Atmosphere

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Influences of animals, time of day, air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction on ammonia concentrations were investigated. A case study on a typical summer day from 7:00 to approximately 24:00 CEST (moderate wind speed, variable cloudiness and maximum global radiation higher than 950 W/m2) in west–central Poland is presented. Concentrations of this gas were measured at four heights (0.1–1.5 m), which were changed every 5 min, using a Nitrolux 1000 photoacoustic spectrometer. A micrometeorological station was established to also measure the surface energy budget components. The results presented are the average for each hour and for the entire day. The fine structure of concentration profiles, plume detection and uncertainty of ammonia flux calculation are also presented. The highest NH3 concentrations were at a 0.5 m height between 16:00 and 17:00 h when cows were grazing, but the lowest concentrations were between 23:00 and 24:00 h at the height of 1.5 m. The ammonia concentration increased with increasing air temperature and was the highest with a westerly wind direction and decreased with increasing air relative humidity. The greatest influence on the ammonia concentration was related to the presence of cows and the time of day, while a slightly smaller influence was noted in terms of air temperature and wind direction. A case study is suitable for presenting local effects, inhomogeneities and quantifying uncertainties in the bidirectional ammonia flux calculation.

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Environmental assessment of road transport fueled by ammonia from a life cycle perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Upgrading Passenger Vehicle Emission Standard Helps to Reduce China’s Air Pollution Risk from Uncertainty in Electrification

Upgrading Passenger Vehicle Emission Standard Helps to Reduce China’s Air Pollution Risk from Uncertainty in Electrification

Multi-Criteria Analysis of Semi-Trucks with Conventional and Eco-Drives on the EU Market

The Influence of Meteorological Factors and the Time of Day on the Concentration of Ammonia in the Atmosphere Measured Using the Photoacoustic Method near a Cattle Farm—A Case Study

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