Environmental Assessment of Products

Wenzel, Henrik; Hauschild, Michael Zwicky; Alting, Leo

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6367-9

Cited by 344 publications

(120 citation statements)

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“…Basically, LCA accounts for all uses of resources and all emissions from the system accumulated through the system's 'lifetime'. In addition, LCA aggregates all the information into defined impact categories, which furthermore can be normalized into person-equivalents (PE; one average persons contribution to the impact category per year) making the results more understandable for the user (Wenzel et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle modelling of environmental impacts of application of processed organic municipal solid waste on agricultural land (Easewaste)

Hansen

Bhander²,

Christensen³

et al. 2006

Waste Manag Res

110

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A model capable of quantifying the potential environmental impacts of agricultural application of composted or anaerobically digested source-separated organic municipal solid waste (MSW) is presented. In addition to the direct impacts, the model accounts for savings by avoiding the production and use of commercial fertilizers. The model is part of a larger model, Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Systems and Technology (EASEWASTE), developed as a decisionsupport model, focusing on assessment of alternative waste management options. The environmental impacts of the land application of processed organic waste are quantified by emission coefficients referring to the composition of the processed waste and related to specific crop rotation as well as soil type. The model contains several default parameters based on literature data, field experiments and modelling by the agro-ecosystem model, Daisy. All data can be modified by the user allowing application of the model to other situations. A case study including four scenarios was performed to illustrate the use of the model. One tonne of nitrogen in composted and anaerobically digested MSW was applied as fertilizer to loamy and sandy soil at a plant farm in western Denmark. Application of the processed organic waste mainly affected the environmental impact categories global warming (0.4-0.7 PE), acidification (-0.06 (saving)-1.6 PE), nutrient enrichment (-1.0 (saving)-3.1 PE), and toxicity. The main contributors to these categories were nitrous oxide formation (global warming), ammonia volatilization (acidification and nutrient enrichment), nitrate losses (nutrient enrichment and groundwater contamination), and heavy metal input to soil (toxicity potentials). The local agricultural conditions as well as the composition of the processed MSW showed large influence on the environmental impacts. A range of benefits, mainly related to improved soil quality from long-term application of the processed organic waste, could not be generally quantified with respect to the chosen life cycle assessment impact categories and were therefore not included in the model. These effects should be considered in conjunction with the results of the life cycle assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle modelling of environmental impacts of application of processed organic municipal solid waste on agricultural land (Easewaste)

Hansen

Bhander²,

Christensen³

et al. 2006

Waste Manag Res

110

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show abstract

“…The temporal scope was 20 years. The impact assessment was carried out according to the Danish EDIP 2003 method [15,16]. Foreground LCA data essentially included Danish-specific data.…”

Section: Methodology: Goal Scope Functional Unit and Impact Assessmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was assumed that the required amount of nitrogen and phosphorous (as well as other indispensable micronutrients) was added to the process in order to reach the optimal proportion of C, N and P in the mix (e.g. for C/N this was [16][17][18][19][20]. The consumption of N and P was accounted for in the LCA.…”

Section: Bte Technologies: Anaerobic Mono-digestion Combustion and Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming potential impact of bioenergy systems

Tonini

Hamelin

2012

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigation of GHG emissions is a main focus in the energy strategy of many Countries. In the case of Demark, for instance, the long-term target of the energy policy is to reach 100% renewable energy system. This can be achieved by drastic reduction of the energy demand, optimization of production/distribution and substitution of fossil fuels with biomasses. However, a large increase in biomass consumption will finally induce conversion of arable and currently cultivated land into fields dedicated to energy crops production determining significant environmental consequences related to land use changes. In this study the global warming potential impact associated with six alternative bioenergy systems based on willow and Miscanthus was assessed by means of life-cycle assessment. The results showed that bioenergy production may generate higher global warming impacts than the reference fossil fuel system, when the impacts from indirect land use changes are accounted for. In a life-cycle perspective, only highly-efficient co-firing with fossil fuel achieved a (modest) GHG emission reduction.

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“…This is due to the characteristics of the substances in combination with the mode of emission. The routes of poisoning are by breathing (via atmosphere) or by ingested materials (WENZEL et al,1997).…”

Section: Independent Journal Of Management and Production (Ijmandp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions

Esteves

Pereira

2017

Ind. Jour. Manag. & Prod.

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Environmental Assessment of Products

Cited by 344 publications

References 0 publications

Life cycle modelling of environmental impacts of application of processed organic municipal solid waste on agricultural land (Easewaste)

Life cycle modelling of environmental impacts of application of processed organic municipal solid waste on agricultural land (Easewaste)

Global warming potential impact of bioenergy systems

Comparing the environmental impacts of ethyl biodiesel production from soybean oil and beef tallow through lca for brazilian conditions

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