Environmental and Performance Aspects of Pretreatment and Desalination Technologies

Photocathode-assisted redox flow desalination

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17] However, these technologies require the energy input like thermal or electrical energy, which is a burden in the era of energy shortage. For example, the energy expense of the matured RO, MSF or MED accounts for 50-77 % among the total cost 3,18 . The energy consumption may critically affect the future of these technologies.…”

Introduction to desalination

“…Some of the possibilities for the sustainable solutions to prevent/minimize the issue listed above are (Lattemann et al, 2012):…”

“…Figure 23 Environmental concerns (top) and sustainable and technical solutions(bottom) in membrane-based desalination plants. ((Adapted fromLattemann, et al, 2012) …”