Environmental and occupational determinants of blood pressure in rural communities in China

Xu, Xiping; Niu, Tianhua; Christiani, David C.; Weiss, Scott T.; Zhou, Yusheng; Chen, Changzhong; Jiao, Yang; Fang, Zhang; Jiang, Zhujiu; Wan, Liang; Zhang, Fangzhen

doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00126-3

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For instance, in an earlier study using this cohort, Bell et al (2001) found that occupational activity was the key modifiable determinant of weight gain. Further studies in Chinese populations have shown occupational shifts from more strenuous to less strenuous jobs to be associated with adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors (Xu et al, 1997;Zhou et al, 2003), and energy expenditure as measured by doubly labeled water in urban Chinese adults was found to be inversely associated with body fatness (Yao et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

Monda

Zhai³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

144

114

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Objectives: To examine the longitudinal relationship between occupational and domestic sources of physical activity and body weight in a sample of Chinese adults. Methods: Population-based longitudinal observational study of Chinese adults (4697 women and 4708 men) aged 18-55 from the 1991, 1993, 1997, and 2000 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Measured height and weight and detailed self-reported energy expenditure from multiple occupational and domestic sources were assessed over a 9-year period. Longitudinal relationships were modeled using linear random effects models. Results: Increased occupational physical activity resulted in overall lower body weight for both men and women (b-coefficients (95% confidence interval (CI)) for high levels: À0.46 (À0.76, À0.15) for men, À0.36 (À0.62, À0.10) for women, and increased domestic physical activity resulted in overall lower body weight in men (b-coefficient (95% CI): À0.40 (À0.62, À0.18)). Conclusions: Physical activity that occurs in the occupational and domestic sectors is often overlooked; yet our research suggests they have important effects on body weight in Chinese adults. As China continues to urbanize, energy expenditure from these sources is decreasing, and our results point out the need to explore these types of physical activity more broadly across the world as potential sources of weight gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

Monda

Zhai³

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

144

114

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“…5 Few studies have explored the influence of education as a risk factor for elevated blood pressure and the risk of hypertension in the Chinese population. An earlier study conducted in China 6 found no association between education and blood pressure; they were limited to a rural population with low level of education. Subsequent studies have reported the important effects of educational attainment on prevalence of hypertension 7 and cardiovascular disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Education as an important risk factor for the prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure in Chinese men and women

Wang

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

J Hum Hypertens

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“…Participants (n 294) in this study were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of hypertension with a focus on genetics. 17,18 The sampling unit was a village in the ®rst stage, and a nuclear family in the second stage, based on the following criteria: 1) both parents were alive; and 2) there were at least two children in the family. We over-sampled families with both children who were concordant in overweight based on age and sex speci®c distributions of BMI generated from the overall project.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptin concentrations in relation to overall adiposity, fat distribution, and blood pressure in a rural Chinese population

Chen

Wang

et al. 2001

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the associations between leptin levels and body mass index (BMI), fat distribution (re¯ected by waist to hip ratio and skinfold measurements), and blood pressure in a rural Chinese population. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A cross-sectional study of 294 participants who provided blood samples. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma concentrations of leptin, BMI, waist to hip ratio, skinfold thickness, and blood pressure. RESULTS: The average leptin concentration was 5.2 mgal (3.1 for men and 7.3 for women). In univariate analyses, leptin levels were signi®cantly correlated with BMI (r 0.47), abdominal skinfold thickness (r 0.53), triceps skinfold thickness (r 0.56), waist circumference (r 0.41), hip circumference (r 0.51), waist to hip ratio (r 0.17), and diastolic blood pressure (r 0.13). In multivariate analyses controlling for age, sex, education, current smoking, and alcohol use, independent associations between leptin levels and BMI, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference, and abdominal skinfold thickness remained. However, the signi®cant association between leptin and blood pressure disappeared after adjusting for BMI, whereas the association between BMI and blood pressure persisted after adjusting for leptin level. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a strong positive relationship between overall adiposity and leptin levels in both men and women in a rural Chinese population. In addition, leptin concentrations were signi®cantly associated with central obesity measured by waist to hip ratio and abdominal skinfold, independent of overall obesity. The observed positive association between leptin and blood pressure was largely explained by BMI.

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Environmental and occupational determinants of blood pressure in rural communities in China

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

Longitudinal relationships between occupational and domestic physical activity patterns and body weight in China

Education as an important risk factor for the prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure in Chinese men and women

Leptin concentrations in relation to overall adiposity, fat distribution, and blood pressure in a rural Chinese population

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