Environmental and health studies of farm workers in Swedish swine confinement buildings.

Donham, Kelly J.; Haglind, Per; Peterson, Y.; Rylander, Ragnar; Belin, Lars

doi:10.1136/oem.46.1.31

Cited by 231 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This has been confirmed in several studies from northern Europe, Canada, and the USA [2±8]. The dust from confinement buildings has strong biological properties and causes severe bronchial inflammation [9,10] and work in confinement buildings is associated with a cross-shift decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) [7,11,12]. Several cross-sectional studies have suggested that pig farmers develop bronchial hyperresponsiveness and that this is related to symptoms and airway obstruction [8, 13±16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Working in swine-confinement buildings causes an accelerated decline in FEV1: a 7-yr follow-up of Danish farmers

Iversen¹,

Dahl²

2000

Eur Respir J

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Working in swine-confinement buildings causes an accelerated decline in FEV1: a sevenyear follow-up of Danish farmers. M. Iversen, R. Dahl. #ERS Journals Ltd 2000. ABSTRACT: Work in swine confinement units causes exposure to high levels of organic dust and is associated with a high prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms and probably with accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).A 7-yr follow-up on FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), bronchial reactivity, and respiratory symptoms was performed on 181 Danish farmers. The participation rate was 76.3% and nonparticipants had more symptoms, were more likely to be current-smokers and had lower lung function in the first survey than participants in both surveys.Farmers who worked exclusively with pigs in the follow-up had an accelerated decline in FEV1 but not in FVC compared with dairy farmers, where the observed decline in FEV1 was close to the expected. For a nonsmoking pig farmer compared to a nonsmoking dairy farmer the mean additional decline in FEV1 was 17 mL . yr -1 (53.0 mL . yr -1 versus 36.1 mL . yr -1 ). The authors conclude that working in swine confinement units causes an accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in one second but not in forced vital capacity. The mean decline is~0.5 L during a working life and some farmers will develop clinically significant airway obstruction due to work in swine confinement units. The study was supported by a grant from Danmark Lungeforening.Working in closed swine-confinement buildings is always associated with exposure to high concentrations of organic dust [1] and high prevalence of work-related respiratory symptoms in cross-sectional studies. This has been confirmed in several studies from northern Europe, Canada, and the USA [2±8]. The dust from confinement buildings has strong biological properties and causes severe bronchial inflammation [9,10] and work in confinement buildings is associated with a cross-shift decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) [7,11,12]. Several cross-sectional studies have suggested that pig farmers develop bronchial hyperresponsiveness and that this is related to symptoms and airway obstruction [8, 13±16]. Results from cross-sectional studies [8,13] have suggested that work in swine confinement buildings is associated with and accelerated decline in FEV1 and this seems to be confirmed from longitudinal studies [14±17].The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether farmers with exclusively swine farming (high dust exposure) had an accelerated decline in FEV1 compared to farmers with exclusively dairy farming (low dust exposure) a longitudinal study. Secondary endpoints were development in respiratory work-related symptoms and bronchial reactivity and its relation to decline in FEV1. MethodsFrom a previous cross-sectional study [8] all 181 male farmers were invited to a 7-yr follow-up. Measurement of FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and bronchial reactivity by histamine challenge was performed with the same equi...

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confidence: 63%

Working in swine-confinement buildings causes an accelerated decline in FEV1: a 7-yr follow-up of Danish farmers

Iversen¹,

Dahl²

2000

Eur Respir J

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“…monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils [11]. In addition, TLR4 signalling contributes to the development and progression of chronic respiratory disease including asthma [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioresistant cells expressing TLR5 control the respiratory epithelium's innate immune responses to flagellin

et al. 2009

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Bacterial products (such as endotoxins and flagellin) trigger innate immune responses through TLRs. Flagellin-induced signalling involves TLR5 and MyD88 and, according to some reports, TLR4. Whereas epithelial and dendritic cells are stimulated by flagellin in vitro, the cell contribution to the in vivo response is still unclear. Here, we studied the respective roles of radioresistant and radiosensitive cells in flagellin-induced airway inflammation in mice. We found that i.n. delivery of flagellin elicits a transient change in respiratory function and an acute, pro-inflammatory response in the lungs, characterized by TLR5-and MyD88-dependent chemokine secretion and neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, TLR4, CD14 and TRIF were not essential for flagellin-mediated responses, indicating that TLR4 does not cooperate with TLR5 in the lungs. Respiratory function, chemokine secretion and airway infiltration by neutrophils were dependent on radioresistant, TLR5-expressing cells. Furthermore, lung haematopoietic cells also responded to flagellin by activating TNF-a production. We suggest that the radioresistant lung epithelial cells are essential for initiating early, TLR5-dependent signalling in response to flagellin and thus triggering the lung's innate immune responses.Key words: Chemokine . Epithelium . Flagellin . Lung inflammation . TLR5 IntroductionUpon challenge with respiratory pathogens, the airways rapidly develop a pro-inflammatory response initiated by environmental agents including microbe-associated molecular patterns such as Gram-negative bacteria LPS or endotoxins. This proinflammatory reaction plays an important role in the innate defense against respiratory pathogens [1,2]. Physiological changes induced by endotoxin inhalation include pulmonary Ã These authors contributed equally to this work. Eur. J. Immunol. 2009. 39: 1587-1596 DOI 10.1002 Innate immunity 1587 function and bronchoconstriction, cytokine and chemokine production, PMN recruitment, increased permeability of the alveolar epithelium and the associated endothelium [3][4][5][6]. TLR4 [7], together with MD-2, LPS-binding protein and CD14 detect endotoxins and play a critical role in the initiation of the pulmonary response to systemic and mucosal endotoxin administration [5,[8][9][10]. The pulmonary inflammation to endotoxin involves TLR4 signalling in both the parenchyma cells like endothelial and epithelial cells and the haematopoietic cells, i.e. monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils [11]. In addition, TLR4 signalling contributes to the development and progression of chronic respiratory disease including asthma [12][13][14][15][16].Flagellin is the major constituent of flagella from Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria. TLR5 has been identified as the main pattern recognition receptor required for flagellinmediated immune signalling [17]. TLR5 signalling depends on MyD88 and results in activation of MAPK, nuclear translocation of NF-kB and production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [18]. Moreover, a previous ...

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“…Chronic airway inflammation possibly is exacerbated by exposure to microbes and their products in bioaerosols. For instance endotoxin, a highly toxigenic, bacterial lipopolysaccharide component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, has been associated with reduced lung function in swine farmers (Donham et al 1989b;Vogelzang et al 1998). Correlations between biotic and abiotic exposures and respiratory disease have been the focus of many aerosol studies and have led to the establishment of dust, gas, and endotoxin exposure levels (Crook et al 1991;Seedorf et al 1998;Predicala et al 755 756 M. RODRÍGUEZ DE EVGRAFOV ET AL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) employment is associated with increased incidences of multiple respiratory disorders, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rhinitis, hypersensitivity, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide poisoning, and acute lower respiratory tract inflammation (Donham et al 1989a;Crook et al 1991;Schenker et al 1998;Von Essen and Donham 1999;Cole et al 2000;Sprince et al 2000;Danuser et al 2001;Radon et al 2001Radon et al , 2002Monso et al 2003Monso et al , 2004. Chronic airway inflammation possibly is exacerbated by exposure to microbes and their products in bioaerosols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Evgrafov

Kõll

Frank

et al. 2013

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Respiratory illnesses are a significant cause of morbidity for individuals who work within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); however, most available information about CAFO aerobiology has derived from culture-based studies, which may detect only a small fraction of microbial diversity present. In this study, we characterized the identity, spatial distribution, and abundance of airborne microorganisms present in swine and dairy CAFOs using direct microscopy, broad-range rRNA PCR, and sequence analysis of air samples collected from within and nearby swine and cattle operations in the western United States. We report that indoor airborne bacterial loads were not elevated above those measured immediately outdoors. The microbial assemblage of these indoor environments was considerably more diverse than reported in previous CAFO aerosol studies. Members of bacterial genera associated with animal gut microbiota, including Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., and Lachnospira spp., were most frequently observed. We detected no recognized, acute respiratory pathogens, but identified the common opportunistic pathogen Aerococcus viridans in several samples. Fungal species were not recovered in any of the indoor clone libraries. Specific PCR assay for porcine circovirus demonstrated that this pathogen is prevalent in the atmosphere of swine environments sampled, but was not detected in the bovine dairy facilities.

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Environmental and health studies of farm workers in Swedish swine confinement buildings.

Cited by 231 publications

References 24 publications

Working in swine-confinement buildings causes an accelerated decline in FEV1: a 7-yr follow-up of Danish farmers

Working in swine-confinement buildings causes an accelerated decline in FEV1: a 7-yr follow-up of Danish farmers

Radioresistant cells expressing TLR5 control the respiratory epithelium's innate immune responses to flagellin

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

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