Environmental and health risk analysis of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), a toxic and potent greenhouse gas

Tsai, Wen‐Tien

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.023

Cited by 65 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…32 Finally, nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ) is the latest member of the GHG-club. In 2008, several studies appeared calling attention to the RF of climate due to this previously unappreciated compound (Prather and Hsu 2008;Tsai 2008). As noted above, NF 3 was added to the Kyoto Protocol list of GHGs as part of the Doha amendment in 2012.…”

Section: Hfcs Pfcs Sf 6 and Nfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth’s Climate System

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter provides an overview of the factors that influence Earth's climate. The relation between reconstructions of global mean surface temperature and estimates of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) over the past 500 million years is first described. Vast variations in climate on geologic time scales, driven by natural fluctuations of CO 2 , are readily apparent. We then shift attention to the time period 1765 to present, known as the Anthropocene, during which human activity has strongly influenced atmospheric CO 2 , other greenhouse gases (GHGs), and Earth's climate. Two mathematical concepts essential for quantitative understanding of climate change, radiative forcing and global warming potential, are described. Next, fingerprints of the impact of human activity on rising temperature and the abundance of various GHGs over the course of the Anthropocene are presented. We conclude by showing Earth is in the midst of a remarkable transformation. In the past, radiative forcing of climate represented a balance between warming due to rising GHGs and cooling due to the presence of suspended particles (aerosols) in the troposphere. There presently exists considerable uncertainty in the actual magnitude of radiative forcing of climate due to tropospheric aerosols, which has important consequences for our understanding of the climate system. In the future, climate will be driven mainly by GHG warming because aerosol precursors are being effectively removed from pollution sources, due to air quality legislation enacted in response to public health concerns.

show abstract

Section: Hfcs Pfcs Sf 6 and Nfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth’s Climate System

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This method calculates the emissions based on "industry-wide default values for the fraction of the purchased gas remaining in the shipping container after use" (Tsai 2007) and additional factors. The Tier 2a method was used because the default values were estimated based on previous studies, providing a quantitative basis for determining the amount of NF 3 released to the atmosphere.…”

Section: Cradle-to-gate Stage (Upstream Processes)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the mid1990s, perfluorocompounds such as tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) were used in these process chambers; however, with the signing of the Kyoto protocol in 1997 these gases became regulated. As a result, several specialty gases were used as replacements to the perfluorocompounds (Tsai 2007). NF 3 gained popularity as a gas that was meant to reduce global warming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary assessment for global warming potential of leading contributory gases from a 40-in. LCD flat-screen television

Thomas

Chang

Cheng

2011

Int J Life Cycle Assess

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose As liquid crystal display (LCD) flat-screen televisions increase in popularity, their potential contribution to global warming has received wide attention. This study presents global warming impacts resulting from the life cycle assessment (LCA) of LCD flat-screen televisions for key global warming contributors from the "cradle-to-gate" and use stages of the product's life cycle. The emissions from nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ), a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 17,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), are not monitored in the Kyoto Protocol. Emissions in the cradle-to-gate and use stages were modeled in this study according to their GWP (kg CO 2 equivalent), focusing and analyzing the most significant source of NF 3 emissions. Materials and methods NF 3 is used during the manufacturing process of LCDs to clean the vacuum chambers. In this study, a system diagram of the cradle-to-gate stage and use stage of a 40-in. LCD television was proposed using the software package Gabi®, particularly investigating NF 3 to determine its possible effects on global warming based on a typical LCA. Results and discussion The energy inputs in the use stage of the LCD flat-screen television resulted in major global warming impacts, while the contribution of GWP resulting from NF 3 was trivial. However, as energy efficiency continuously improves over time, the GWP resulting from NF 3 may become significant. Findings in this study allow industry to focus on those critical stages of the production life cycle that most directly affect global warming while permitting government agencies to enact proper regulations to help decrease CO 2 equivalent emissions. Conclusions The preliminary assessment of our LCA also offers manufacturers the ability to determine the largest sources of greenhouse gases and their connection in the life cycle analysis of a product. This extension may help guide legislation and industrial management in the future. For further decision making, an in-depth sensitivity analysis may be needed to strengthen the results.

show abstract

“…At one time it was considered for use as a rocket propellant. In the mid 1990s, NF 3 replaced perfluorocarbons compounds such as tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and sulfur hexafluoride as the silicon-etching and CVD reactor-cleaning agents for the electronics industry to reach Kyoto Protocol goals for reducing these gases (Tsai 2008) because it was considered to be an environmentally benign material. Recent evaluations (Prather and Hsu 2008;Tsai 2008) identify NF 3 as a potential significant long-lived "greenhouse" gas.…”

Section: Nf 3 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barbier et al (2010) provide a GWP of 10,800 for NF 3 . Tsai (2008) estimates that the total NF 3 releases from the electronics industry of 3.6 to 56 metric tonnes per year based on their measurement of NF 3 in the atmosphere. Weiss et al (2008) estimate the annual release at 620 metric tonnes or 16% of the estimated 4000 metric tonnes produced annually.…”

Section: Nf 3 Environmental Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Use of Nitrogen Trifluoride for Purifying Coolant and Heat Transfer Salts in the Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor

Scheele¹,

Casella²

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental and health risk analysis of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), a toxic and potent greenhouse gas

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Earth’s Climate System

Earth’s Climate System

Preliminary assessment for global warming potential of leading contributory gases from a 40-in. LCD flat-screen television

Assessment of the Use of Nitrogen Trifluoride for Purifying Coolant and Heat Transfer Salts in the Fluoride Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About