Environmental and Genetic Maternal Effects on Seed Characters in Nemophila menziesii

Platenkamp, Gerrit A. J.; Shaw, Ruth G.

doi:10.2307/2410070

Cited by 117 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…As with previous experiments (Aarssen & Burton 1990;Platenkamp & Shaw 1993;Lemontey et al 2000), we found that maternal genotype explains a larger proportion of the variance in seed size and number. However, paternal genotype also significantly affected resource allocation to seeds and explained a substantial amount of the variation (approx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Paternal effects inArabidopsisindicate that offspring can influence their own size

et al. 2010

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The existence of genetic variation in offspring size in plants and animals is puzzling because offspring size is often strongly associated with fitness and expected to be under stabilizing selection. An explanation for variation in seed size is conflict between parents and between parents and offspring. However, for this hypothesis to be true, it must be shown that the offspring genotype can affect its own size. The existence of paternal effects would support this hypothesis, but these have rarely been shown. Using a diallel cross among four natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana we show that maternal, paternal and positional effects jointly influence seed size, number and the frequency of seed abortion. We found that seed abortion (%) depends on the combination of maternal and paternal genotypes, suggesting the existence of mate choice or epistatic incompatibility among accessions of A. thaliana. In addition, since paternal genotype explains approximately 10 per cent of the variation in seed size, we propose that A. thaliana's offspring must influence the amount of resources allocated to themselves. Identification of paternal effects in Arabidopsis should facilitate dissection of the genetic mechanisms involved in paternal effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Paternal effects inArabidopsisindicate that offspring can influence their own size

et al. 2010

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“…We also found a significant maternal effect on the time to seedling emergence (about 25% of the V P ), though not as high as for seed mass. Similarly strong maternal effects are commonly reported for other species in seed size (Antonovics and Schmitt 1986;Mazer 1987b;Schwaegerle and Levin 1990;Biere 1991a;Platenkamp and Shaw 1993;Montalvo and Shaw 1994;Schmid and Dolt 1994;Waser et al 1995;Wolfe 1995;Helenurm and Schaal 1996;Byers et al 1997;Lipow and Wyatt 1999), seed numbers (Mazer 1987b;Waser et al 1995;Good-Avila and Stephenson 2003), and time to germination (Biere 1991a;Platenkamp and Shaw 1993;Schmid and Dolt 1994;Helenurm and Schaal 1996), including the columbine Aquilegia caerulea (Montalvo and Shaw 1994). The importance of maternal effects in these traits is hardly surprising, because seeds develop surrounded and provisioned by maternal tissue and, in addition, the genetic contribution of mothers to seeds is higher compared to that of fathers.…”

Section: Maternal Effects In Traditional Mean Trait Valuessupporting

confidence: 54%

“…cates (see e.g., Antonovics and Schmitt 1986;Platenkamp and Shaw 1993;Byers et al 1997), a level of intra-individual variation with no genetic basis. All this suggests that the parameters describing the within-plant distribution of seed traits could reflect either developmental instability or plastic responses to small differences in localized environmental conditions as the fruits develop.…”

Section: Subindividual Variability and Higher Moments Of Trait Distrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano & Rivas Martínez. Other studies have examined seed traits with diallel crossing designs in a number of plant species (e.g., Antonovics and Schmitt 1986;Schwaegerle and Levin 1990;Biere 1991a;Platenkamp and Shaw 1993;Montalvo and Shaw 1994;Waser et al 1995), but to our knowledge none have looked at the variance partitioning of parameters describing high moments of within-plant distributions of seed traits as we do here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subindividual variation and genetic versus environmental effects on seed traits in a EuropeanAquilegia

Castellanos

Medrano

Herrera

2008

Botany

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Repetitive plant parts such as seeds can be characterized at the within-individual level not only by average values but also by higher moments of their distributions, such as the standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. These parameters can potentially be adaptive and shaped by selection like any other individual trait, but tend to be understudied. We present an example of how within-individual variation might be studied. We used a diallel crossing design to investigate the sources of phenotypic variance of among-and within-individual variation in seed and germination traits of the endemic columbine Aquilegia pyrenaica subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano & Rivas Martínez. Individual plants and even fruits have their characteristic mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis and therefore these parameters could potentially respond to selection. However, we only found evidence of genetic variance in mean within-fruit seed mass, mean time to seedling emergence, and number of seeds: these effects were attributable to maternal effects. Variance in higher moments of the within-fruit distributions in this species could instead reflect developmental instability or plastic responses to localized environmental conditions as fruits develop. Large sample sizes are required to make final conclusions in this case, but this study illustrates how the novel approach of considering high moments of intra-individual variation will enhance our view of plant trait evolution. Résumé :On peut caractériser les parties répétitives des plantes, telles que les graines, comme appartenant à un degré intra individuel non seulement pas leurs valeurs moyennes, mais aussi par leurs pics de distribution comme la déviation standard, l'asymétrie et la curtose. En général on accorde peu d'importance à ces paramètres qui peuvent tout de même représenter l'adaptation et être structurés par la sélection comme tout autre caractère individuel. Les auteurs présentent un exemple de la façon avec laquelle on peut étudier la variation intra individuelle. Ils utilisent un modèle basé sur le croisement de diallèles pour examiner les sources de variance phénotypique à partir de variations intra en entre individus, portant sur des caractères de germination, chez la plante endémique Aquilegia pyrenaica subsp. cazorlensis (Heywood) Galiano & Rivas Martínez (ancolie). Les plantes individuelles et même les fruits montrent une moyenne, une déviation standard, une asymétrie et une curtose caractéristiques et conséquemment ces paramètres pourraient réagir à la sélection. Cependant, les auteurs n'ont trouvé des preuves de variance génétique que pour la masse séminale du fruit individuel, la durée moyenne d'émergence de la plantule, et le nombre de graines; on attribue ces caractéristiques à des effets maternels. La variance des pics de la distribution au niveau du fruit chez cette espèce pourrait au contraire refléter une instabilité du développement ou des réactions plastiques à des conditions environnementales localisées, à mesure que se développent les fruits...

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“…Both Values in columns followed by the same letters are not significantly different from each other LSD, P≤ 0.05. Means are followed by the standard error of the of the mean MAS= months after sowing plants both prior to and during seed formation can influence the phenotype of the seed produced (Platenkamp and Shaw, 1993) and thus germination differences among populations may have been environmentally induced before seed collection in the field. There was no clear pattern with respect to germination as two populations from central Malawi showed good germination while as the worst seed germination were coming from all the three geographical regions of the country that is Tsamba (southern Malawi), Namoni Katengeza (central Malawi) and Kalenge (northern Malawi).…”

Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic variation in fruit, seed and seedling traits of nineUapaca kirkianaprovenances found in Malawi

Mwase¹,

Bjørnstad²,

Ntupanyama³

et al. 2006

The Southern African Forestry Journal

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SYNOPSISUapaca kirkiana is one of the priority indigenous fruit tree species for domestication in southern Africa. Natural populations of U. kirkiana are declining due to deforestation, forest fragmentation and wildfires. Knowledge of genetic variation is prerequisite for development of conservation strategies. A provenance evaluation study was conducted at Bunda College of Agriculture in Lilongwe, central Malawi to determine the variability in fruit, seed and seedling characteristics of nine populations found in the southern, central and northern regions of Malawi. Results showed significant differences (P≤ 0.05) between provenances in fruit weight, seed weight, seed length and seed width. The central Malawi provenances of Dzalanyama and Chimaliro had the heaviest mean weight of fruits of 23.9g and 23.8 g respectively, the lightest fruits (14.6g) were found in Namoni Katengeza provenance. There were no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in number of seeds per fruit within and between provenances. The provenances differed significantly in cumulative germination percentage, ranging from 26% for Tsamba provenance in southern Malawi to 87% for Dzalanyama provenance in central Malawi. There was a consistent regional variation in stem collar diameter and height growth with central Malawi (Dzalanyama and Chimaliro) and northern Malawi provenances having taller seedlings ranging from 5.2 to 9.0 cm, with the exception of Namoni Katengeza provenance in central Malawi. The root collar diameters were significantly higher for Dzalanyama and Chimaliro (2.5 to 3.9 cm) than southern Malawi provenances whose seedling collar diameter averaged 2.3 centimetres. The nursery provenance trial has shown existence of considerable variation in seed germination, fruit and seed traits in U. kirkiana. Seed and seedling growth traits may prove to be important criteria for selection of provenances for domestication to provide farmers with sustained fruit production for consumption and economic benefits.

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Environmental and Genetic Maternal Effects on Seed Characters in Nemophila menziesii

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Paternal effects inArabidopsisindicate that offspring can influence their own size

Paternal effects inArabidopsisindicate that offspring can influence their own size

Subindividual variation and genetic versus environmental effects on seed traits in a EuropeanAquilegia

Phenotypic variation in fruit, seed and seedling traits of nineUapaca kirkianaprovenances found in Malawi

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