Environmental and Ecological Variability of Middle Devonian (Givetian) Forests in Appalachian Basin Paleosols, New York, United States

Mintz, Jason S.; Driese, Steven G.; White, Joseph D.

doi:10.2110/palo.2009.p09-086r

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Furthermore, there was a global sea-level rise from the Givetian to the Late Frasnian (Johnson et al, 1985), which has also been observed in the Canning Basin (Playford et al, 2009). The expansion of terrestrial plants, with the first forests occurring in the Givetian (Grice et al, 2009;MeyerBerthaud et al, 2010;Mintz et al, 2010), likely had a major influence on climate and biogeochemical cycling (e.g. Algeo and Scheckler, 2010;Algeo et al, 1995Algeo et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular proxies as indicators of freshwater incursion-driven salinity stratification

et al. 2015

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Salinity-related stratification in marine environments is one of the main drivers for the development of persistent anoxia and euxinia. It therefore plays a vital role in the sedimentary preservation of organic matter and has also been associated with Oceanic Anoxic Events during several mass extinctions in Earth's history.Here we present a novel molecular proxy using relative abundances of methyltrimethyltridecylchromans (MTTCs) as indicators of riverine freshwater incursions into Middle to Late Devonian paleoreefs exposed to conditions of prevailing anoxia, photic zone euxinia and water column stratification. This paper aims at re-instigating a discussion about the origin of these compounds to potentially broaden their utilization as paleoproxies, adding freshwater stratification to the general salinity reconstructions. The co-variation of MTTC abundance profiles and δ 13 C values with other biomarker parameters in the sediments studied here indicate a link of MTTCs to terrigenous input, pointing towards a previously suggested early diagenetic formation of these compounds from phytol with higher plant-derived alkylphenols.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Molecular proxies as indicators of freshwater incursion-driven salinity stratification

et al. 2015

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“…3A). Here the fossils occur as sediment-filled casts of tree stumps (Stein et al, 2007), and they are also found within the soils from which the stumps have been removed, providing remarkable evidence of forest structure and the nature of the plant community (Mintz et al, 2010;Stein et al, 2012). The ecological setting was a tropical-subtropical, coastal wetland that was subject to periodic disturbance through flooding.…”

Section: Roots Of Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin and Early Evolution of Roots

2014

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Geological sites of exceptional fossil preservation are becoming a focus of research on root evolution because they retain edaphic and ecological context, and the remains of plant soft tissues are preserved in some. New information is emerging on the origins of rooting systems, their interactions with fungi, and their nature and diversity in the earliest forest ecosystems. Remarkably wellpreserved fossils prove that mycorrhizal symbionts were diverse in simple rhizoid-based systems. Roots evolved in a piecemeal fashion and independently in several major clades through the Devonian Period (416 to 360 million years ago), rapidly extending functionality and complexity. Evidence from extinct arborescent clades indicates that polar auxin transport was recruited independently in several to regulate wood and root development. The broader impact of root evolution on the geochemical carbon cycle is a developing area and one in which the interests of the plant physiologist intersect with those of the geochemist.

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“…However, by the Middle Devonian, arborescent vegetation developed an amazing complexity and successfully occupied various terrestrial ecosystems, forming the earliest forest (e.g. Stein et al 2007Stein et al , 2012Mintz et al 2010). In the marine realm, equally important events took place, including the appearance of air-breathing lungs, leading to the fish -tetrapod transition (Clack 2007(Clack , 2009, and the development of internal fertilization (Long et al 2008(Long et al , 2009.…”

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confidence: 99%

The astronomical calibration of the Givetian (Middle Devonian) timescale (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium)

Vleeschouwer¹,

Boulvain

Silva

et al. 2014

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Recent advances in radiometric dating result in significant improvements in the geological timescale and provide better insight into the timing of various processes and evolutions within the Earth's system. However, no radiometric ages are contained within the Givetian. Consequently, the absolute ages of the Givetian Stage boundaries, as well as the stage's duration, remain poorly constrained. As an alternative, the analysis of sedimentary cycles allows for the estimation of the duration of this stage. We examined the high-resolution magnetic susceptibility signals of four Givetian outcrops in the Givet area for a possible astronomical imprint, to fully understand the rates of evolutionary and environmental change. All four sections are firmly correlated and wavelet analyses of the magnetic susceptibility signals reveal the imprint of astronomical eccentricity forcing. The highly stable 405 kyr cycles constrain the duration of the Givetian Stage at 4.35 + 0.45 Myr, which is in good agreement with the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (5.0 Myr). The studied sections also exhibit an imprint of obliquity, suggesting a climatic teleconnection between low and high latitudes. The corresponding microfacies curves demonstrate similar astronomical imprint, and thereby indicate that the observed 10 5 year-scale cyclicity is the result of climatic and environmental change.

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Environmental and Ecological Variability of Middle Devonian (Givetian) Forests in Appalachian Basin Paleosols, New York, United States

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Molecular proxies as indicators of freshwater incursion-driven salinity stratification

Molecular proxies as indicators of freshwater incursion-driven salinity stratification

The Origin and Early Evolution of Roots

The astronomical calibration of the Givetian (Middle Devonian) timescale (Dinant Synclinorium, Belgium)

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