Environmental and botanical controls on peatification—a comparative study of two New Zealand restiad bogs using Py-GC/MS, petrography and fungal analysis

Kuder, Tomasz; Kruge, Michael A.; Shearer, J.C.; Miller, Steven L.

doi:10.1016/s0166-5162(98)00022-6

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…* = significant difference between sphagnan and PGA treatment (repeated measures ANOVA over first four concentrations, see Table 1), ** significant difference between adding 0 (control) and 50 mg sphagnan g -1 substrate (Student's t-test) Perhaps the most intriguing result is that there are more biochemical alternatives in the plant world leading to slow litter decomposition. In some ecosystems, such as subtropical and forested peatlands, lignin-derived soil C dominates (Kuder et al 1998;Williams et al 1998;Jin et al 2009), while in other ecosystems, such as Sphagnum-dominated bogs, polysaccharide-derived C prevails (Williams et al 1998;Yavitt et al 2005). But how can this result change our understanding of the environmental processes that control the rate of litter mineralization?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro

et al. 2010

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Sphagnum-dominated peatlands head the list of ecosystems with the largest known reservoirs of organic carbon (C). The bulk of this C is stored in decomposition-resistant litter of one bryophyte genus: Sphagnum. Understanding how Sphagnum litter chemistry controls C mineralization is essential for understanding potential interactions between environmental changes and C mineralization in peatlands. We aimed to separate the effects of phenolics from structural polysaccharides on decay of Sphagnum. We measured aerobic microbial respiration of different moss litter types in a lab. We used chemical treatments to step-wise remove the chemical compounds thought to be important in decay-resistance in three taxonomically distant moss genera. We also focused on the effect of Sphagnum-specific cell-wall pectin-like polysaccharides (sphagnan) on C and N mineralization. Removing polymeric lignin-like phenolics had only negligible effects on C mineralization of Sphagnum litter, but increased mineralization of two other bryophyte genera, suggesting a minor role of these phenolics in decay resistance of Sphagnum but a major role of cell-wall polysaccharides. Carboxyl groups of pectin-like polysaccharides represented a C-source in non-Sphagnum litters but resisted decay in Sphagnum. Finally, isolated sphagnan did not serve as C-source but inhibited C and N mineralization instead, reminiscent of the effects reported for phenolics in other ecosystems. Our results emphasize the role of polysaccharides in resistance to, and active inhibition of, microbial mineralization in Sphagnum-dominated litter. As the polysaccharides displayed decay-inhibiting properties hitherto associated with phenolics (lignin, polyphenols), it raises the question if polysaccharide-dominated litter also shares similar environmental controls on decomposition, such as temperature or nutrient and water availability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro

et al. 2010

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“…The predominantly forested tropical peat-forming environments result in wood-rich peat deposits, unlike most temperate peat deposits, which are often dominated by shrubs, grasses, and bryophytes [52]. Tropical peats are therefore often rich in lignin with only small amounts of hemicellulose, cellulose, protein, and watersoluble compounds [43,53,54], which are lost due to vigorous microbial activity. It is commonly thought that woody peats generally result in bright, vitrain-rich coal [14, page 37] and peat derived from bryophytes or Cyperaceae produce dull coal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Maceral and Microlithotype Indices for Interpretation of Coals in the Samarinda Area, Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia

Win

Amijaya

Surjono

et al. 2014

Advances in Geology

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Strata of the Middle Miocene Balikpapan Formation from the Lower Kutai basin are well exposed in a section near the Samarinda city, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The succession is characterized by thick sandstone bodies alternating with shales and coal beds. A 250 m thick composite section of exposed sediments (not including the soil interval) was measured, from which 25 coal samples were collected. Petrographic, microlithotype, and maceral analyses were performed in order to determine the depositional environment of the Samarinda coals. In order to assess the development of paleomires, coal facies diagrams were obtained from microlithotype and maceral composition. According to the organic petrologic results, the Samarinda coals represent a highly degraded humodetrinite-rich group deposited from terrestrial into telmatic condition of peat formation with vegetation characteristics of highly degraded woody forest type evolved under alternate oxic to anoxic moor conditions. These formed with intermittent moderate to high flooding as the paleopeat environment shifted from mesotrophic to ombrotrophic.

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“…Detro-huminite is normally generated in relatively aerobic condition (Teichmüller et al 1998b). Moreover, the activities of physical breakdown of plant to particulate matrix are observed at the margin of the peat beds (Kuder et al 1998). To characterize the paleomires of the Australian Permian coals, Diessel (1986) introduced two indices, gelification index (GI) and tissue preservation index (TPI).…”

Section: Paleomiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results obtained through the petrography-based ternary models compare well with the ones shown by GI, TPI, GWI and VI indices. The presence of framboidal pyrite indicates increasing activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the carbonate and sulphate rich waters of the basin at the time of peat formation (Kuder et al 1998;Teichmüller et al 1998a). Bacterial activity is the source of energy for such chemical reduction from sulphate to sulfides (Neavel 1966).…”

Section: Paleomiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic characteristics and paleoenvironmental history of Eocene lignites of Cambay basin, Western India

Singh

et al. 2017

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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Lignite samples collected from Vastan, Rajpardi and Tadkeshwar lignite mines of Cambay basin (Gujarat) were subjected to organic petrographic investigations and geochemical analyses and the data, thus generated, is used to reconstruct the paleodepositional history of these lignite sequences. The lignites of Cambay basin dominantly comprise huminite maceral group (71.6%-86.3%) followed by liptinite (10.1%-19.3%) and inertinite (3.6%-11.0%) maceral groups. The mineral matter varies from 9.0% to 20.0%. The petrography based facies model indicates that these lignites have high values of gelification index (GI) and low tissue preservation index revealing a continuous wet condition in the basin and a relatively slower rate of subsidence during the decay of organic matter. On several occasions, during the formation of seams in Tadkeshwar, Rajpardi and Vastan mines, the value of GI exceeded 10 which indicates a forest permanently flooded and the cause of pronounced degree of degradation. However, few sections in Tadkeshwar seam had relatively drier spells of environmental conditions due to fluctuation in the water table as revealed by moderately high content of inertinite macerals. This is specially indicated by the occurrence of funginite which normally thrives in the upper oxygenated peatigenic layer and indicates prevalence of oxic conditions during plant deposition. Such conditions prevailed during a transgressive phase but there were intermittent fluvial activities also giving rise to supratidal flood plain as reflected in the form of associated carbonaceous shales in the basin.

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Environmental and botanical controls on peatification—a comparative study of two New Zealand restiad bogs using Py-GC/MS, petrography and fungal analysis

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro

Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro

A Comparison of Maceral and Microlithotype Indices for Interpretation of Coals in the Samarinda Area, Lower Kutai Basin, Indonesia

Petrographic characteristics and paleoenvironmental history of Eocene lignites of Cambay basin, Western India

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