Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) exposure in residents living near gas stations

Barros, Nelson; Carvalho, Márcia; Silva, Cláudia; Fontes, Tânia; Prata, Joana C.; Sousa, André; Manso, Maria Conceição

doi:10.1080/15287394.2019.1634380

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Diabetes is a major public health problem that is approaching epidemic proportions globally, and pollutants in the air or at home have been associated with diabetes [54]. Benzene exposure through the human lifespan is inevitable [6][7][8][9][10]. Drinking contaminated water or eating food that has been exposed to contaminated water, smoking cigarettes, or breathing secondhand cigarette smoke, exposure to e-cigarettes vaping, use of paint or detergent products, vehicle exhaust or gasoline, it's all part of the daily routine [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzene concentrations vary depending on geographic location [4,5], duration or route of exposure, and individual susceptibility factors such as age, gender or lifestyle. Various sources of benzene exposure include drinking contaminated water or food, smoking cigarettes, breathing secondhand cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust or petroleum fuels, vaping e-cigarettes, using paint or detergent products [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. While values of ambient benzene air concentrations in the U.S. have typically been <1 ppm (parts per million), significantly higher levels can be experienced as a result of various environmental factors [15] [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acarbose Protects From Central and Peripheral Metabolic Imbalance Induced by Benzene Exposure

Debarba

Mulka

Lima

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abbreviations:CNS, central nervous system; ARC, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; LHA, lateral hypothalamus; PVH, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus; AbstractBenzene is a well-known human carcinogen that is one of the major components of air pollution. Sources of benzene in ambient air include cigarette smoke, e-cigarettes vaping and evaporation of benzene containing petrol processes. While carcinogenic effects of benzene exposure have been well studied, less is known about metabolic effects of benzene exposure.We show that chronic exposure to benzene at low levels induces severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner, which is associated with hypothalamic inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Benzene exposure rapidly activates hypothalamic ER stress and neuroinflammatory responses in male mice, while pharmacological inhibition of ER stress response by inhibiting IRE1α-XBP1 pathway significantly alleviates benzene-induced glial inflammatory responses. Additionally, feeding mice with Acarbose, a clinically available anti-diabetes drug, protected against benzene induced central and peripheral metabolic imbalance. Acarbose imitates the slowing of dietary carbohydrate digestion, suggesting that choosing a diet with a low glycemic index might be a potential strategy for reducing the negative metabolic effect of chronic exposure to benzene for smokers or for people living/working in urban environments with high concentrations of exposure to automobile exhausts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acarbose Protects From Central and Peripheral Metabolic Imbalance Induced by Benzene Exposure

Debarba

Mulka

Lima

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The minimum biomass values were established for the least greened and the most polluted by OP and HM territory of the gas station-3. Thus, near this station on the lawn near the highway, the biomass of algae was only 0.01 g/m 2 .…”

Section: Characteristics Of Natural Biota -Soil Algaementioning

confidence: 90%

Transformation of Urbanozems in the Areas of Gas Stations

Olkova¹,

Zimonina²

2021

Ecol. Eng. Environ. Technol.

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The areas near gas stations are places of local specific environmental pollution. The purpose of this work was to study the environmental consequences of gas station functioning on the surrounding soils (urbanozems). The content of oil products (OP), bulk and mobile forms of heavy metals, acute toxicity (Ceriodaphnia affinis Lillieborg, Раramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, Escherichia coli Migula), chronic toxicity (C. affinis), and the state of soil microphotrophs were determined. The content of OP was from 520±130 to 4820±100 mg/kg, which is significantly higher than the concentrations of OP in the soils of the transport zone of cities. The exceeding of the Russian standards for HM was found only for zinc (the maximum for the total form -1.7 MPC, for the mobile form -1.4 MPC). The urbanozems samples did not have acute toxicity; however, chronic toxicity in the bioassay for the mortality of C. affinis (up to 85%) and a decrease in the fertility of crustaceans (2-3 times compared to the control) were observed. In the structure of the community of soil microphototrophs, cyanobacteria dominated both in biomass and in abundance: (up to 748±10 thousand cells/1 g of soil) compared with green algae and diatoms (1.1-5.5 and 1.2-19.8 thousand cells/1 g of soil, respectively). As a result of the work, it was concluded that the quantitative algological analysis and biotest with the assessment of chronic toxicity in terms of mortality and fertility of C affinis for the diagnosis of local soil contamination in the areas of gas stations were of the highest informative value.

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“…However, little is known about the fetal pharmacokinetics and metabolism of PGA and we cannot currently infer external exposure associated with the potential increased risk suggested by our results. In nonoccupational settings, the major source of exposure to BTEX-S comes from exposure to tobacco (35,36), as well as indoor and outdoor air pollution (37)(38)(39). In addition, BTEX-S have been reported to be present in food (40,41), although this source of exposure contributed less than other sources, except for styrene, for which food appeared to contribute to the same extent as airborne exposure (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum and Chlorinated Solvents in Meconium and the Risk of Hypospadias: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Background: Hypospadias is a male congenital malformation that occurs in ~2 of 1,000 births. The association between hypospadias and fetal exposure to environmental chemicals has been studied, but the results are inconsistent. Although several petroleum and chlorinated solvents are suspected to have teratogenic effects, their role in the occurrence of hypospadias has been little studied and never using biomarkers of exposure. We aimed to evaluate the association between fetal exposure to petroleum and chlorinated solvents measured in meconium and the occurrence of hypospadias.Methods: We conducted a pilot case-control study in the maternity of the University Hospital of Rennes (France). Eleven cases of hypospadias and 46 controls were recruited between October 2012 and January 2014. Data from hospital records and maternal self-reported questionnaires, including socio-demographic characteristics and occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals, were collected. Meconium samples were collected using a standardized protocol. Levels of petroleum solvents (toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and p, m, and o xylene), certain metabolites (mandelic acid, hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid, S-benzylmercapturic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid), and two chlorinated solvents (trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene) were measured in meconium by gas and liquid chromatography, both coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between the concentration of each chemical and the occurrence of hypospadias were analyzed using exact logistic regressions adjusted for maternal age, educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and alcohol, and tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Results are presented with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Quantification rates for petroleum and chlorinated solvents or metabolites ranged from 2.2% (for methylhippuric acid) to 77.1% (for trichloroethylene) of the meconium samples. We found a significant association between the quantification of phenylglyoxylic acid (metabolite of styrene and ethylbenzene) in the meconium and a higher risk of hypospadias (OR = 14.2, 95% CI [2.5–138.7]). The risk of hypospadias was non-significantly elevated for most of the other solvents and metabolites.Conclusion: This exploratory study, on a limited number of cases, suggests an association between petroleum solvents and hypospadias. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and identify the determinants for the presence of these solvents in meconium.

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Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) exposure in residents living near gas stations

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

Acarbose Protects From Central and Peripheral Metabolic Imbalance Induced by Benzene Exposure

Acarbose Protects From Central and Peripheral Metabolic Imbalance Induced by Benzene Exposure

Transformation of Urbanozems in the Areas of Gas Stations

Petroleum and Chlorinated Solvents in Meconium and the Risk of Hypospadias: A Pilot Study

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