Environmental analysis of  Spirulina  cultivation and biogas production using experimental and simulation approach

Rodríguez, Rosalía; Espada, Juan J.; Moreno, Jovita; Vicente, Gemma; Bautista, Luis Fernando; Morales, Victoria; Sánchez-Bayo, Alejandra; Dufour, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.076

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The experimental design applied to the study of the hydrothermal pretreatment was a 2 3 full factorial design. The central point experiment was carried out four times in order to determine the variability of the results and to evaluate the experimental error.…”

Section: Results Of the Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mild Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Microalgae for the Production of Biocrude with a Low N and O Content

et al. 2019

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A hydrothermal pretreatment of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana at mild temperatures was studied in order to reduce the N and O content in the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The work focused on the evaluation of temperature, reactor loading, and time (factors) to maximize the yield of the pretreated biomass and the heteroatom contents transferred from the microalga biomass to the aqueous phase (responses). The study followed the factorial design and response surface methodology. An equation for every response was obtained, which led to the accurate calculation of the operating conditions required to obtain a given value of these responses. Temperature and time are critical factors with a negative effect on the pretreated biomass yield but a positive one on the N and O recovery in the aqueous phase. The slurry concentration has to be low to increase heteroatom recovery and has to be high to maximize the pretreated microalga yields. Response equations were obtained for the analyzed responses, which facilitated the accurate prediction of the operating conditions required to obtain a given value of these responses.

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Section: Results Of the Design Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Advanced biofuels obtained from microalgae have attracted great interest in the research field because they can be grown on non-arable land, and, therefore, they do not compete with food production. In addition, microalgae can fix CO 2 from the air through photosynthesis, which allows for a reduction of CO 2 emissions [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Microalgae for the Production of Biocrude with a Low N and O Content

et al. 2019

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“…Rodriguez et al reported that nutrients production has the largest influence on GWP. Using nutrients contained in wastewater, as it was actually done for the microalgal biomass employed in this study, would furtherly decrease this contribution [33]. It is to underline, however, that data reported for GWP only concerns microalgae cultivation and does not include harvesting and drying procedures, required to obtain lyophilized biomass usable as material filler, and whose impact will depend on the technologies employed.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Microalgal Biomass and Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Table 7 reports the global warming power (GWP) in terms of kilograms of equivalent CO 2 emitted and the energy demand per functional unit. Data given for CB are from Cabot Corporation sustainability report (2019) [32], while indicative data for Spirulina are obtained from the literature [33].…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Microalgal Biomass and Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microalgal biomass is less wasteful than carbon black also in terms of energy demand. Data show around 30 MJ of additional energy for carbon black production compared to Spirulina cultivation, per functional unit [32,33]. This difference would be even higher considering that Rodriguez et al reported value also including Spirulina anaerobic digestion, required in case of biogas production but not in case of filler obtainment.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Microalgal Biomass and Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microalgal biomass as renewable biofiller in natural rubber compounds

et al. 2021

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Microalgal biomasses, consisting of micronized Spirulina Platensis and its low protein fraction, were investigated in this work as possible renewable biofillers in natural rubber compounds, with the aim of replacing the commonly used carbon black. Natural rubber, in some cases blended with 10% of epoxidized natural rubber to improve the matrix-filler affinity, was compounded with 25, 35, 50 and 75 phr of each biomass. Compounds with 25, 35 and 50 phr of carbon black N990 were also prepared as benchmarks. After compounding, vulcanization times were determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Rubbers were vulcanized by compression moulding and characterized by means of morphological analysis (scanning electron microscopy), thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) and mechanical tests (tensile tests, strain induced crystallization detection by X-ray diffraction, pure shear fracture tests). Microalgal biomass turned out to be homogeneously dispersed in natural rubber matrix and the materials obtained required lower curing times compared to carbon black compounds. It was found that, up to 50 phr, Spirulina has the ability to increase rubber tensile strength and modulus, acting similarly to N990, while decreasing rubber thermal stability and fracture toughness.

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Environmental Indicators, Life Cycle Analysis and Ecological Perspective on Biomass Conversion

Longati¹,

Alves²,

Myoshi³

et al. 2022

Lignocellulose Bioconversion Through White Biotechnology

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Environmental analysis of Spirulina cultivation and biogas production using experimental and simulation approach

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Mild Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Microalgae for the Production of Biocrude with a Low N and O Content

Mild Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Microalgae for the Production of Biocrude with a Low N and O Content

Microalgal biomass as renewable biofiller in natural rubber compounds

Environmental Indicators, Life Cycle Analysis and Ecological Perspective on Biomass Conversion

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