Environment polluting conventional chemical control compared to an environmentally friendly IPM approach for control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in China: a review

Abstract

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is recognized as a widely distributed destructive insect pest of Brassica worldwide. The management of this pest is a serious issue, and an estimated annual cost of its management has reached approximately US$4 billion. Despite the fact that chemicals are a serious threat to the environment, lots of chemicals are applied for controlling various insect pests especially P. xylostella. An overreliance on chemical control has not only led to the evolution of resistance to insecticides and to a reduction of natural enemies but also has polluted various components of water, air, and soil ecosystem. In the present scenario, there is a need to implement an environmentally friendly integrated pest management (IPM) approach with new management tactics (microbial control, biological control, cultural control, mating disruption, insecticide rotation strategies, and plant resistance) for an alternative to chemical control. The IPM approach is not only economically beneficial but also reduces the environmental and health risks. The present review synthesizes published information on the insecticide resistance against P. xylostella and emphasizes on adopting an alternative environmentally friendly IPM approach for controlling P. xylostella in China.

Larvicidal, Ovicidal, Synergistic, and Repellent Activities of Sophora alopecuroides and Its Dominant Constituents Against Aedes albopictus

“…albopictus, plastic trays (capacity 250 mL, 125 cm 2 surface area) were used for the bioassay. Different concentrations (5,10,20,30, and 50 ug/mL) of extract were prepared by diluting 0.01% Tween-80 in 0.5% aqueous acetone. The plastic trays were filled with the required concentration to half of its capacity.…”

“…Blue bars represent the mortality of Ae. albopictus third-instar larvae after exposure to different concentrations(5,10,20,30, and 50 ug/mL) of S. alopecuroides (SACE) extract. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals (CIs).…”

Molecular identification, characterization, and expression analysis of a novel trypsin inhibitor-like cysteine-rich peptide from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…armigera is one of the most destructive polyphagous cosmopolitan insect pest species (Noor-ul-Ane et al 2018). Over recent decades, several pests have developed resistance against various families of synthetic insecticides (Shakeel et al 2017). Similarly, H. armigera has also evolved resistance to several insecticides, and resistance might be a factor accountable for its pest status (Wu 2007).…”

Mutations in pheromone‐binding protein3 contribute to pheromone response variations in Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

“…Diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is one of the most destructive global pests of cruciferous vegetables . For decades, control of P. xylostella has mainly relied on chemical insecticides and Bt sprays . However, intense pesticide application has eliminated natural enemies, increased costs, and caused P. xylostella to develop severe resistance to many kinds of insecticides .…”