Environment, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Low-Income Women

Mobley, Lee; Root, Elisabeth Dowling; Finkelstein, Eric A.; Khavjou, Olga; Farris, Rosanne P.; Will, Julie C.

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.001

Cited by 236 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The studies supported an association between mixed-use developments and increased physical activity, [47][48][49][50][51] as well as decreased obesity and obesity-related illnesses. 26,47,48,50,52,53 While these associations were consistent across studies, additional evidence from this literature suggests that these associations may be stronger for socioeconomically advantaged vs. disadvantaged populations. 26 This literature also suggests that increased mixed-use developments can be associated with increased crime.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

Achieving a Healthy Zoning Policy in Baltimore: Results of a Health Impact Assessment of the TransForm Baltimore Zoning Code Rewrite

Thornton¹,

Greiner

Fichtenberg

et al. 2013

Public Health Rep

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Objectives. The social determinants of health (SDH) include factors apart from genes and biology that affect population health. Zoning is an urban planning tool that influences neighborhood built environments. We describe the methods and results of a health impact assessment (HIA) of a rezoning effort in Baltimore, Maryland, called TransForm Baltimore. We highlight findings specific to physical activity, violent crime, and obesity.Methods. We conducted a multistage HIA of TransForm Baltimore using HIA practice guidelines. Key informant interviews identified focus areas for the quantitative assessment. A literature review and a zoning code analysis evaluated potential impacts on neighborhood factors including physical activity, violent crime, and obesity. We estimated potential impacts in high-and lowpoverty neighborhoods. The findings resulted in recommendations to improve the health-promoting potential of TransForm Baltimore.Results. Mixed-use and transit-oriented development were key goals of TransForm Baltimore. Health impacts identified by stakeholders included walkability and healthy communities. For Baltimore residents, we estimated that (1) the percentage of people living in districts allowing mixed-use and off-premise alcohol outlets would nearly triple, (2) 18% would live in transit-oriented development zones, and (3) all residents would live in districts with new lighting and landscaping guidelines. Limiting the concentration of off-premise alcohol outlets represented an opportunity to address health promotion.Conclusions. Changes to Baltimore's zoning code could improve population health including decreasing violent crime. HIAs are an important platform for applying SDH to public health practice. This HIA specifically linked municipal zoning policy with promoting healthier neighborhoods.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 82%

Achieving a Healthy Zoning Policy in Baltimore: Results of a Health Impact Assessment of the TransForm Baltimore Zoning Code Rewrite

Thornton¹,

Greiner

Fichtenberg

et al. 2013

Public Health Rep

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“…For instance in the United States, southeastern and north-central regions of the country exhibit higher levels of obesity than the northeast or west even after accounting for individual-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (Mokdad et al, 2003(Mokdad et al, , 1999. At the neighborhood level, obesity in the United States is associated with living in neighborhoods that have a high prevalence of residents living in poverty, even after accounting for one's own SES (Mobley et al, 2006;van Lenthe and Mackenbach, 2002;Do et al, 2007). While this line of research is relatively new, initial investigations suggest that this relationship may be due in part to the lack of healthy food options in these neighborhoods that promote "obesogenic" eating patterns (Cummins and Macintyre, 2006;Ulijaszek, 2007) or to urban design characteristics that discourage physical activity (Booth et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Ackerson

Kawachi

Barbeau

et al. 2008

Economics & Human Biology

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We investigated the geographic distribution and the relationship with neighborhood wealth of underweight and overweight in India. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we calculated statespecific smoothed shrunken state residuals of overweight and underweight, neighborhood and state variation of nutritional status, and the relationships between neighborhood wealth and nutritional status of 76,681 women living in 3204 neighborhoods in 26 Indian states. We found a substantial variation in overweight and underweight at the neighborhood and state levels, net of what could be attributed to individual-level factors. Neighborhood wealth was associated with increased levels of overweight and decreased levels of underweight, and was found to modify the relationship between personal living standard and nutritional status. These findings suggest that interventions to address the double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition in India must take into account state and neighborhood characteristics in order to be successful.

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“…Specifically, higher rates of overweight and obesity are associated with low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods in urban centers in many developed countries including Australia, 18 Canada, 19,20 New Zealand, 21 the United Kingdom, 22 and the United States. 23,24 The pathways through which these neighborhoods shape body weight have been the focus of investigation by researchers who note that access to unhealthy foods is high, 25,26 while physical activity is limited by fear of using public space, 27,28 high levels of traffic, 29 poor walkability, 30,31 and lack of amenities. 32 Yet, while there has been an abundance of studies examining the link between environmental scale and increased rates of obesity, specific types of environments have not garnered the same attention by researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Obesity in the City

Dean

Elliott

2011

J Urban Health

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A decade ago, the World Health Organization declared obesity to be a global epidemic. Accordingly, there is a growing body of research examining how "obesogenic environments" contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Using the ANGELO Framework, this research explores the role of municipal policies and practices in constructing obesogenic environments in two Southern Ontario cities in order to examine how socio-cultural and political environments shape excess body weight. Data was collected from municipal policy documents, public health websites, and key informants in Hamilton and Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Results indicate that while the cities took different approaches to dealing with obesity, they both reflected the cities' overall prioritizing of health. Additionally, the findings reveal the pervasiveness of values and attitudes held in the socio-cultural environment in further shaping (and being shaped by) political as well as economic and physical environments in the cities. The importance of explicitly acknowledging the official discourse of the city, which this study demonstrates to be a significant factor in constructing obesogenic environments, is highlighted. Theoretical contributions and policy implications are also discussed.

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Environment, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Low-Income Women

Cited by 236 publications

References 37 publications

Achieving a Healthy Zoning Policy in Baltimore: Results of a Health Impact Assessment of the TransForm Baltimore Zoning Code Rewrite

Achieving a Healthy Zoning Policy in Baltimore: Results of a Health Impact Assessment of the TransForm Baltimore Zoning Code Rewrite

Geography of underweight and overweight among women in India: A multilevel analysis of 3204 neighborhoods in 26 states

Prioritizing Obesity in the City

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