“…The insulator hardware (pin) naturally interacts with oxygen in a very alkaline (pH 13) environment formed by cement hydration surrounding it, forming a thin oxide passive layer on its surface that functions as a physical barrier against corrosion. [1][2][3] Admittedly, in harsh environments such as airborne sea spray, sea storms, acid rain, and corrosion-inducing microbes, the passivating lm formed on the insulator steel (pin) that protects the steel (pin) from corrosion may be lost due to Cl À ion diffusion and pH, resulting in accelerated corrosion. Furthermore, CO 2 and H 2 O can penetrate the cement via pores and react with Ca(OH) 2 to produce CaCO 3 and H 2 O 2 , resulting in a pH reduction in the concrete pore solution.…”