Environment, Cultivar, and Ethephon Rate Interactions in Barley

Stobbe, E. H.; Moes, J.; Bahry, R. W.; Visser, R.G.F.; Iverson, Alyssa N.

doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400050006x

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are reports of reduced grain number following PGR applications, mainly of ethephon at flag leaf stage. This supports the reports of increased abortion of spikelets and grains , Gendy and Höfner 1989, Ma and Smith 1992b, Stobbe et al 1992. Not only do PGR applications at the flag leaf stage have potential to cause yield reductions: CCC applied at the beginning of stem elongation reduced grain yield in wheat.…”

Section: Stress Following Pgr Treatments -Sensitivity Of the Species supporting

confidence: 84%

“…PGRs may in some cases reduce the stress effects. Despite lack of direct evidence of PGR induced stress and some evidence suggesting stress protecting capacity, PGR applications may cause considerable yield reduction, especially when there is no lodging , Cox and Otis 1989, Leitch and Hayes 1990, Taylor et al 1991, Ma and Smith 1992b, Stobbe et al 1992, Bergner and Teichmann 1993, PeltonenSainio and Rajala 2001, Rajala and PeltonenSainio 2002. Reasons for yield reduction could be the timing of applications and interaction between PGR and cultivar.…”

Section: Stress Following Pgr Treatments -Sensitivity Of the Species mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are exogenously applied chemicals that alter plant metabolism, cell division, cell enlargement, growth and development by regulating plant hormones or other biological signals. For example, some PGRs regulate stem elongation by inhibiting biosynthesis of gibberellins or through releasing ethylene. PGR effects are widely studied and reported on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), whereas there are only a few reports addressing oat (Avena sativa L.). This is likely to be a result of smaller acreage and lower intensity of oat management and production and hence a reduced need for stem shortening by PGRs. However, this is not the case for all cereal producing regions and there exists a need to understand the potential application of PGRs to oat production. This paper represents a review of the potential of PGRs to regulate stem elongation and other biological traits governing plant stand structure and yield components, with special emphasis on oat and its responses to PGRs. Yield improvement requires more heads per unit land area, more grains per head or heavier grains. Of these yield-determining parameters, the number of head bearing tillers and grain numbers per head, compared with grain weight, are more likely to be improved by PGR application. In the absence of lodging, PGR may reduce grain yield due to potential reduction in mean grain weight and/or grain number. Cultivation systems aiming at extensive yields with intensive use of inputs likely benefit from PGR applications more often compared with low or moderate input cultivation, for which cost effectiveness of PGRs is not frequently reached.

show abstract

Section: Stress Following Pgr Treatments -Sensitivity Of the Species supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Stress Following Pgr Treatments -Sensitivity Of the Species mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Rajala¹

2008

AFSci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In every case ‘Doyce’ plant height was significantly reduced, from an average of 32.7 inches when ethephon was not applied to 23.0 inches with the 2.5 oz a.i./acre ethephon rate. Further decreases in height were not observed with rates above 2.5 oz a.i./acre which agrees with the findings of Stobbe et al (17). Similar to ‘Doyce,’ VA00H‐65 height was significantly reduced when ethephon was applied, but there was no difference among rates.…”

Section: Plant Heightsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…When ethephon was applied at the boot stage, yield of the cultivar ‘Leger’ was increased by 24% while yield of ‘Argyle’ decreased 19%. A significant interaction between ethephon rate and cultivar for grain yield was also reported by Ma and Smith (9) and Stobbe et al (17).…”

Section: Plant Growth Regulator Effects On Barleysupporting

confidence: 77%

Hulless Barley Response to Ethephon Application

Thomason

Phillips

Griffey³

et al. 2007

Crop Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethephon [(2‐chloroethyl) phosponic acid] is commonly used in mid‐Atlantic barley production to reduce plant height and lodging, but is known to reduce grain yield and test weight in some barley cultivars. Management practices that produce high yield and good grain quality in traditional mid‐Atlantic winter barley have yet to be evaluated for hulless barley. This research examined response of three winter hulless barley genotypes to ethephon plant growth regulator (PGR) and provides recommendations for appropriate PGR rates. Ethephon applied at 2.5 oz a.i./acre resulted in decreased plant height (8.3 inches) and lodging index (1.2 units). With higher rates, a trend toward continued decreased height and lodging was seen even when differences were not significant. Grain yield was decreased by an average of 20 bu/acre in four of 15 site year‐genotype combinations. Grain test weight was increased in one instance but impacts of ethephon varied by genotype, which may warrant further study. Labeled rates of ethephon are appropriate for application to a range of hulless barley cultivars but rates above 2.5 oz a.i./acre should be avoided unless severe lodging is anticipated. Ethephon application should occur only when moisture and temperature are favorable for plant growth and not when the crop is under stress.

show abstract

“…Reported optimal growth stages for ethephon application to barley are contradictory. This may be due to testing at only a few phenological stages (Dahnous et al, 1982;Ma and Smith, 1992a) or to environmental conditions immediately following ethephon treatment (Simmons et al, 1988;Ma et al, 1992;Ma and Smith, 1992a;Stobbe et al, 1992). The optimal growth stage for ethephon application to barley was determined to be the flag leaf stage (Stevens and Palmer, 1983;Berengier et al, 1983;Easson, 1983), the early boot stage (Duke and Rutger, 1970), or the late boot stage (Dahnous et al, 1982), while others found that growth stage was relatively unimportant (Hill et al, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and Rate of Ethephon Application to Two‐Row and Six‐Row Spring Barley

1995

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) reduces lodging in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by shortening straw, but the optimal rate and growth stage of application, both of which may interact with cultivar and environment, are unclear, especially for two‐row barley in North America. Field studies in Quebec in 1985 and 1986 evaluated the response of ‘Leger’ six‐row and ‘Birka’ two‐row barley to ethephon applied at varying rates, growth stages, and times of day. The two‐row cultivars Rodeo and Micmac were also included in one experiment. Lodging was slight or absent in all experiments. The taller Leger was usually shortened more than Birka, largely due to greater shortening of the peduncle. Late boot applications of ethephon consistently shortened straw, but the window of effective application began at the flag leaf stage and extended for more than 1 wk for Birka, while for Leger it was about 4 d, but differed phenologically between years. Heading was delayed by ethephon. In Rodeo and Birka, ethephon often reduced the degree of spike emergence from the flag leaf sheath. Incomplete spike emergence may have contributed to reduced kernel and test weights, particularly with applications from the flag leaf until the late boot stage. Ethephon increased Leger yield by up to 15% in one experiment under the favorable conditions of 1985. In 1986, a wet year, yield in one experiment was reduced by 11% by the higher ethephon rate (480 g a.i. ha−1), due to reduced spikes per square meter. Birka yield was reduced (P = 0.06) by 6% by the higher rate (480 g a.i. ha−1) in the 1986 application date study. Harvest index of Rodeo and Birka was reduced due to reduced tiller survival following application of ethephon at 480 to 500 g a.i. ha−1. Yield component compensation usually occurred between spikes per square meter and kernel weight, particularly for two‐row cultivars. Height was reduced more by applications at 0400 h and 0600 h than later in the day. Birka kernel weight was reduced with morning or evening applications, while Leger kernel weight was little affected by application time of day. In the absence of lodging and under conditions of environmental stress, ethephon applied at rates over 240 g a.i. ha−1 may reduce yields, particularly of two‐row barley, for which spike emergence may be severely reduced.

show abstract

Environment, Cultivar, and Ethephon Rate Interactions in Barley

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Plant growth regulators to manipulate oat stands

Hulless Barley Response to Ethephon Application

Timing and Rate of Ethephon Application to Two‐Row and Six‐Row Spring Barley

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About