Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth

Maguylo, Karen; Cook, Nigel C.; Theron, Karen I.

doi:10.1007/s00468-011-0634-y

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Lauri (2007) states that the influence of apical dominance is coordinated by basipetal transport of auxin, which exerts direct inhibition on the growth of axillary buds. For Maguylo et al (2012), the growth of lateral buds is controlled mainly by paradormancy, rather than by the intrinsic state of endodormancy. Given this effect of apical buds on lateral buds, and the observation that lateral budburst was low for all treatments, the significant differences eventually observed between thermal regimes become unimportant (Figures 2 B and 2 D).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bud dormancy in apple trees after thermal fluctuations

Anzanello

Fialho

Santos

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of heat waves on the evolution of bud dormancy, in apple trees with contrasting chilling requirements. Twigs of 'Castel Gala' and 'Royal Gala' were collected in orchards in Papanduva, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and were exposed to constant (3°C) or alternating (3 and 15°C for 12/12 hours) temperature, combined with zero, one or two days a week at 25°C. Two additional treatments were evaluated: constant temperature (3°C), with a heat wave of seven days at 25°C, in the beginning or in the middle of the experimental period. Periodically, part of the twigs was transferred to 25°C for daily budburst evaluation of apical and lateral buds. Endodormancy (dormancy induced by cold) was overcome with less than 330 chilling hours (CH) of constant cold in 'Castel Gala' and less than 618 CH in 'Royal Gala'. A daily 15°C-temperature cycle did not affect the endodormancy process. Heat waves during endodormancy resulted in an increased CH to achieve bud requirements. The negative effect of high temperature depended on the lasting of this condition. Chilling was partly cancelled during dormancy when the heat wave lasted 36 continuous hours or more. Therefore, budburst prediction models need adjustments, mainly for regions with mild and irregular winters, such as those of Southern Brazil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bud dormancy in apple trees after thermal fluctuations

Anzanello

Fialho

Santos

et al. 2014

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…However, our results strongly suggested that the growing potential of the bud depends both on an endogenous growing ability Table 1 Hydraulic conductance (K stem-bud ; mmol MPa -1 s -1 ), water potential (WP; MPa) and relative water content (RWC; %) before budburst (mid-March 2012), and proleptic lateral growth (PLG; %) on one-year-old wood (July 2012) in the distal third of parent shoots of four apple cultivars grown under contrasted winter temperature treatments, cold winter and mild winter, with 1,428 and 99 h below 7.2°C, respectively (Lauri and Térouanne 1998) in relation to the number of appendages in the bud positively related to K stem-bud (Lauri et al 2008) and on a whole-shoot effect. This latter effect is likely related to highly dynamic competitions among buds before budburst through a temporal (e.g., the first bud to burst has a higher growth potential, also called primigenic dominance) and/or a positional effect along the stem (Maguylo et al 2012), and between buds and the parent shoot (Champagnat 1983). However, interactions between the bud endogenous potential and the parent stem are still not fully understood, and large buds with functional vascular connections may be fully dormant (Brewer et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Individual bud traits were considered for buds in the distal third of all one-year-old shoots, in the two temperature treatments, usually characterized by the highest budburst frequency under the cold winter conditions (Maguylo et al 2012). Destructive bud sampling was done at three consecutive times in the dormancy period during the 2011-2012 Winter: beginning of January 2012, i.e., at the end of the supposed endodormancy (Mauget and Rageau 1988), mid-February and mid-March.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Experimental Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two phases of dormancy have been identified during the autumn and winter: endodormancy when inhibitions rely within the bud itself, and ecodormancy when the inhibitions are imposed by unfavorable environmental factors (Lang et al 1987). Winter temperature is the main environmental factor affecting bud dormancy (Erez 1995;Heide and Prestrud 2005) and spring budburst and branching patterns as shown in the apple (Malus domestica) tree (Maguylo et al 2012;Schmitz et al 2014). Apical dominance, which is the control exerted by the current-year shoot apex over lateral bud outgrowth, is typically the result of correlative inhibitions within the shoot during the growing season (Champagnat 1989;Cline 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are the effects of winter temperatures on spring budburst mediated by the bud water status or related to a whole-shoot effect? Insights in the apple tree

Schmitz

Bonhomme

Cochard

et al. 2014

Trees

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UMR 1334 AGAP : Equipe AFEF ‘Architecture et Fonctionnement des Espèces fruitières’The effects of winter temperatures, i.e., during dormancy, on shoot architecture are well known with budburst preferentially in the distal or the proximal part of the parent shoot in cold and mild winter conditions, respectively. However, the link with the overwintering bud water status is still scarcely documented. Our study was developed on four apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars covering a range of chilling requirements from low (‘Condessa’) to medium (‘Granny Smith’) and high (‘Royal Gala’, ‘Starkrimson’), and maintained in either cold (1,428 h below 7.2 °C) or mild (99 h below 7.2 °C) fluctuating winter temperatures. Our aim was to analyze xylem conductance at the stem-to-bud junction, and relative water content and water potential of the bud itself, for buds situated in the distal third of one-year-old shoots. From dormancy to the pre-budburst stage, xylem conductance at the stem-to-bud junction increased or decreased or did not show consistent changes depending on the cultivar and the winter temperature treatment. Whatever the cultivar, there were no significant trends across dates for the effects of winter temperatures on bud water potential and relative water content. Water potential had negative values, between −4.35 and −2.24 MPa, across cultivars and winter temperature treatments without a consistent relationship with actual spring budburst frequency. These results suggested that lateral buds were hydraulically isolated from the parent stem during winter until a few days before budburst. We discussed that the temperature-related spring budburst was likely more related to a whole-shoot effect mediated by hormonal, hydraulics and/or sugar signaling, than to the individual bud water status during dormancy

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“…O material experimental para avaliar a evolução da dormência nos métodos biológicos utilizados consistiu de ramos de ano ou do ciclo anterior (brindilas) das cultivares Royal Gala e Castel Gala, que representam, respectivamente, genótipos de média e baixa exigência de frio hibernal (DENARDI; SECCON, 2005;PALLADINI;POLA, 2006). As brindilas foram amostradas com 20 a 25 cm de comprimento, apresentando em média oito gemas, em pomar comercial localizado no município de Papanduva -SC (26°26′68″S, 50°05′47″W e 788 m de altitude).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Métodos biológicos para avaliar a brotação de gemas em macieira para modelagem da dormência

et al. 2014

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ResumoUm método biológico foi desenvolvido para caracterizar o estado de dormência de gemas de macieira, em condições controladas. Estacas (brindilas ou ramos de ano, com 20-25 cm) de 'Castel Gala' e 'Royal Gala' foram amostradas durante o período hibernal, avaliando-se diferentes regimes de frio e de calor para induzir a brotação. Testaram-se contrastes no processamento do material vegetal (estacas de nós isolados x intactas), na exposição ao frio para superação da dormência em câmaras incubadoras (plantadas em potes com espuma fenólica x embaladas em filme plástico, na posição vertical ou horizontal) e ao calor para indução da brotação em câmara de crescimento (base imersa em água x plantadas em espuma fenólica). Estacas intactas e em posição vertical durante o frio representaram melhor as condições de interação natural entre as gemas do que nós isolados, sendo a brotação das gemas laterais fortemente influenciada pela dominância apical. O acondicionamento das estacas em filme plástico, durante o frio, permitiu maximizar o espaço interno das incubadoras e o número de gemas em avaliação, em relação ao plantio de estacas em potes. No calor, estacas intactas em espuma fenólica apresentaram melhor conservação e sobrevivência das gemas ao longo do período de avaliação, se comparadas às que ficaram com bases imersas em água. As condições mais adequadas para avaliar a evolução do estado de dormência em gemas de macieira foram as que utilizaram estacas intactas embaladas na posição vertical durante os tratamentos de frio, com acompanhamento da brotação no calor após fixar as estacas em espuma fenólica. A padronização da metodologia contribui para obter melhores resultados no desenvolvimento de modelos fisiológicos da dormência. Palavras-chave: Malus domestica, fisiologia vegetal, dominância apical AbstractA biological method was developed to evaluate the dormancy state of apple buds under controlled conditions. Cuttings (20-25 cm long) of 'Castel Gala' and 'Royal Gala' were sampled during the winter period, evaluating different cold and heat regimes to induce budbreak. Contrasts were tested in plant material processing (single node x intact cuttings), cold storage method to break dormancy in incubator chambers (planted in pots with floral foam x wrapped in plastic film, vertically or horizontally) and budbreak method in plant growth chambers (base immersed in water x planted in floral foam). Intact cuttings stored vertically in the cold represented better the natural interactions between buds than 1 Engº s Agrº s , Drs. Pesquisadores da Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, FEPAGRO. RSC 470, Veranópolis, RS.

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Environment and position of first bud to break on apple shoots affects lateral outgrowth

Abstract: A study was conducted to determine which bud (terminal or lateral) breaks first, and thereby exerts primigenic dominance, on 'Granny Smith' and 'Golden Delicious', 1-year-old apple (Malus 9 domestica Borkh.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Bud dormancy in apple trees after thermal fluctuations

Bud dormancy in apple trees after thermal fluctuations

Are the effects of winter temperatures on spring budburst mediated by the bud water status or related to a whole-shoot effect? Insights in the apple tree

Métodos biológicos para avaliar a brotação de gemas em macieira para modelagem da dormência

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