Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: A systematic review of recent and historical data

Sharma, Brij Mohan; Bharat, Girija K.; Tayal, Shresth; Nizzetto, Luca; Čupr, Pavel; Larssen, Thorjørn

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.022

Cited by 134 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…However, the discovery of pesticidal residues in various sections of the environment has raised serious concerns regarding their use; concerns which welloutweigh the overall benefits derived from them (Ali et al, 2014;Sharma et al, 2014). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been in wide usage across the world to control agricultural pests and vectorborne diseases (Abhilash and Singh, 2009;Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although OCPs have a long history (over 30 years) of usage in India, very limited information is available on the presence of OCP residues in the air, soil and water systems. Also, study of the health risks associated with OCPs in the Indian environment is lacking (Ali et al, 2014;Sharma et al, 2014). Despite a low consumption pattern of OCPs in India compared to other developed nations, its indiscriminate use has resulted in the sporadic occurrence of the residues in abiotic and biotic compartments (Sarkar et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Yadav

Devi

Syed

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

512

181

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Yadav

Devi

Syed

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

512

181

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“…Dieldrin and DDT, as well as the persistent organochlorine compounds of their decomposition, are still present in the environment, despite the ban on their use which was introduced in most countries in the 1970s (Cleemann et al 2000;Feng et al 2003;Eqani et al 2011;Pawelczyk 2013). In fact, many of these compounds are now classified as the so-called persistent organic pollutants (POPs), because they can be recycled through food chains and produce a significant magnification of the original concentration at the end of the chain (Doong et al 2002;Dai et al 2011;Sharma et al 2014). POPs are of international concern owing to their negative impact to both wildlife and human being due to lipophilic properties (Sanpera et al 2002;Eqani et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants in water and fish at Shahid Rajaei Dam, north of Iran

Shakeri

Mehrabi

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The purpose of this study was to assess selected potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants concentrations in the Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir as well as their accumulation in barbel and Leuciscus cephalus fish species. The concentration of arsenic, mercury, nickel, chromium and cadmium in all water samples is less than WHO drinking water standard. Chromium shows a higher concentration than WHO standard in both fish species, while nickel and mercury content in barbel fish is higher than WHO standard. The result of principle component analyses indicates an increased elemental concentration due to application of phosphorus fertilizers in the agricultural lands, especially paddy field, ending up to the Tajan River and Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir. Ni, Co, Mn, Pb and Cr display a quasi-independent behavior within the groups (PC1, PC2 and PC3) reflecting contribution of both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in all water samples, except M-5 sample, are less than WHO and EPA drinking water standards, while persistent organic pollutants (detected in both fish species) indicate higher contents than those of EPA standard values. Based on carcinogenic health risk value, maximum allowable fish consumption for arsenic is two meals per month. The result of noncarcinogenic health risk of mercury indicates one and three meals consumption per month for barbel and L. cephalus fishes, respectively. The calculation of maximum allowable fish consumption based on carcinogenic health for dieldrin, P HCH, heptachlor epoxide, P DDT and P PCBs reveals monthly meals limitation of both fish species grown in Shahid Rajaei Dam.

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“…South Asia, which includes developing countries such as Nepal, India, and Pakistan, is regarded as a POP source region (Sharma et al, 2014). Among these countries, India is the biggest consumer and producer of OCPs and PCBs; it has a long history of extensive use of OCPs in agriculture and vector control, and PCBs in the industrial sector (Sharma et al, 2014;Chakraborty et al, 2013). In agricultural regions of India, atmospheric OCP concentrations can reach 4000 pg m −3 , which is among the highest values reported in the literature (Pozo et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The study of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in low-latitude tropical and subtropical urban cities is necessary to assess their local and global impacts on ecosystems and human health. Despite studies on levels of POPs in water, soils, and sediments, analysis of the distribution patterns, seasonality, and sources of POPs in urban regions of Nepal remain limited. Polyurethane foam (PUF)-based passive air samplers were deployed in three major cities in Nepal: Kathmandu (the capital city), Pokhara, and Hetauda (agricultural cities). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were the dominant organochlorine pesticides in the atmosphere at all sites. The average concentrations of POPs were DDTs, 8.7-1.0 × 10 3 pg m −3 ; HCHs, 5.3-3.3 × 10 3 pg m −3 ; HCB, 5.8-3.4 × 10 2 pg m −3 ; endosulfan, BDL-51 pg m −3 ; and 6 PCBs, 1.4-47 pg m −3 . Isomer and metabolite ratio analyses suggested that the concentrations present were from both new and historical applications of the POPs. Vegetable production sites and their market places appeared to be the major DDT and HCH source areas. Higher atmospheric concentrations of DDT and HCH occurred during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, and winter, respectively, closely associated with their local application for soil preparation and vegetable spraying. The estimated travel distances of the POPs (HCB, α-HCH, γ -HCH, and p, p -DDT) under the Nepalese tropical climate were all above 1000 km, suggesting that high precipitation levels in the tropical climate were not enough to scavenge the POPs and that Nepal could be an important source region for POPs. Due to their close proximity and cold trapping (driven by low temperatures), the high Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau are likely the key receptors of POPs emitted in Nepal. These results add to the information available on POPs from tropical developing countries.

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Environment and human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in India: A systematic review of recent and historical data

Cited by 134 publications

References 145 publications

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Current status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India

Potentially toxic elements and persistent organic pollutants in water and fish at Shahid Rajaei Dam, north of Iran

Atmospheric organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas of Nepal: spatial variation, sources, temporal trends, and long-range transport potential

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