Envenomations

Singletary, Eunice M.; Rochman, Adam S.; Bodmer, Juan Camilo Arias; Holstege, Christopher P.

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2005.07.001

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Most of the horses were treated with corticosteroids (13/15) and antimicrobials (13/15). The mouths of rattlesnakes have been shown to harbor a mixed population of bacteria, and although commonly accepted as standard of care in equine medicine, the use of antimicrobials in human snakebite victims is not deemed necessary . Corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of rattlesnake envenomation for decades .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mouths of rattlesnakes have been shown to harbor a mixed population of bacteria, and although commonly accepted as standard of care in equine medicine, the use of antimicrobials in human snakebite victims is not deemed necessary. 41 Corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of rattlesnake envenomation for decades. 42 An increased mortality in dogs treated with corticosteroids postenvenomation has been reported 43 , but other studies have not shown the same results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiotoxicity, Inflammation, and Immune Response after Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Horse

Gilliam

Holbrook

Ownby

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Cardiac abnormalities are reported in rattlesnake-bitten horses. The prevalence and cause are unknown. Objectives: To detect cardiac damage in rattlesnake-bitten horses by measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and evaluating ECG recordings for presence of arrhythmias, and explore causes of this cardiac damage by measuring venom excretion, anti-venom antibodies, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa).Animals: A total of 20 adult horses with a clinical diagnosis of rattlesnake bite and 6 healthy adult horses. Methods: In a prospective clinical study, bite site swabs, blood samples, and urine samples were collected at various time points from 20 horses with a clinical diagnosis of snake bite. Continuous ECG recordings were obtained on the 20 affected horses and 6 normal control horses using 24-hour holter monitors. Plasma samples were assayed for cTnI, serum samples were assayed for TNFa and anti-venom antibodies, and bite site swabs and urine were assayed for venom.Results: Forty percent of rattlesnake-bitten horses (8/20) experienced myocardial damage (increased cTnI). Seventy percent (14/20) experienced a cardiac arrhythmia. There was a positive correlation between cTnI and TNFa (P < .02). Horses with cTnI ! 2 ng/mL were more likely to have antibody titers >5,000 (P < .05). No correlations were found between venom concentration and cTnI, anti-venom antibody titers, TNFa, or presence of arrhythmias.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Cardiac abnormalities in this population of horses indicate that cardiac damage after rattlesnake bite is common. Rattlesnake-bitten horses should be monitored for signs of cardiac damage and dysfunction. Long-term follow-up should be encouraged to detect delayed cardiac dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotoxicity, Inflammation, and Immune Response after Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Horse

Gilliam

Holbrook

Ownby

et al. 2012

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Some envenomations, such as from Cubozoa jellyfi sh, can lead to massive adrenergic surge and cardiovascular collapse. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] …”

Section: Envenomationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wilderness medicine

Sward

Bennett

2014

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…Among the complex pool of proteins (more than 90% of the dry weight) are included enzymes such as acetylcholinesterases, aminotransferases, phosphoesterases, ADPases, phospholipases, hyaluronidases, L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs), and proteases (metalloproteinases and serinoproteases) [1–5]. Protein C activators, growth factors (NGF, VEGF), lectins, precursors of bioactive peptides, von Willebrand factor binding proteins, disintegrins, and bradykinin potentiators are some representatives of nonenzymatic components from snake venom [2, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of BmooAi: A New Toxin fromBothrops moojeniSnake Venom That Inhibits Platelet Aggregation

Queiroz

Mamede

Morais

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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In this paper, we describe the purification/characterization of BmooAi, a new toxin from Bothrops moojeni that inhibits platelet aggregation. The purification of BmooAi was carried out through three chromatographic steps (ion-exchange on a DEAE-Sephacel column, molecular exclusion on a Sephadex G-75 column, and reverse-phase HPLC chromatography on a C2/C18 column). BmooAi was homogeneous by SDS-PAGE and shown to be a single-chain protein of 15,000 Da. BmooAi was analysed by MALDI-TOF Spectrometry and revealed two major components with molecular masses 7824.4 and 7409.2 as well as a trace of protein with a molecular mass of 15,237.4 Da. Sequencing of BmooAi by Edman degradation showed two amino acid sequences: IRDFDPLTNAPENTA and ETEEGAEEGTQ, which revealed no homology to any known toxin from snake venom. BmooAi showed a rather specific inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen, adenosine diphosphate, or epinephrine in human platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it had little or no effect on platelet aggregation induced by ristocetin. The effect on platelet aggregation induced by BmooAi remained active even when heated to 100°C. BmooAi could be of medical interest as a new tool for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders.

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Envenomations

Cited by 47 publications

References 140 publications

Cardiotoxicity, Inflammation, and Immune Response after Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Horse

Cardiotoxicity, Inflammation, and Immune Response after Rattlesnake Envenomation in the Horse

Wilderness medicine

Purification and Characterization of BmooAi: A New Toxin fromBothrops moojeniSnake Venom That Inhibits Platelet Aggregation

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