Envelope Cross-Reactivity in Western Blot for Hiv-1 and Hiv-2 May Not Indicate Dual Infection

Tedder, Richard S.; Hughes, Andrew; Corrah, Tumani; O’Connor, Thomas P.; N'jie, Hatib; Whittle, Hilton

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92598-6

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This approach is not always adequate in differentiating between HIV monoinfection and HIV-D infection, owing to cross-reactivity of antibodies. Even when monospecific ELISA and confirmatory western blot testing are used, cross-reactivity can still be observed [47][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Prince

Matser

Tienen

et al. 2014

Aids

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Prince

Matser

Tienen

et al. 2014

Aids

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“…However, several earlier studies have demonstrated the unreliability of this particular assay [7-9]. In the three aforementioned cases, the majority of samples collected during the follow-up periods indicated positive results after screening tests, alleging that HIV antibodies were present; yet, after using the Western blot assay to confirm HIV status, results came out as indeterminate in each of the three cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Current antibody-based immunoassay algorithm failed to confirm three late-stage AIDS cases in China: case report

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2010

Virol J

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BackgroundImmunoassays composed of screening and confirmation are the established algorithm to confirm HIV infection in China, with a Western blot result as the final diagnosis.Case presentationIn this report, three late-stage AIDS patients were initially tested HIV antibody positive using multiple screening kits, but tested indeterminate using Western blot. HIV infection diagnosis was confirmed based on nucleic acid assays, clinic manifestations and epidemiological history. Case A was identified positive at 30 months, using Western blot, Case B at 8 months, and case C remained indeterminate until he died of Kaposi's sarcoma 4 months after HAART.ConclusionThe report indicates that current antibody-based testing algorithms may miss late-stage AIDS patients and therefore miss the opportunity for preventing these cases from further transmission. The report also implies that viral load assays is not easy to be universely applicated in developing country like China although it is helpful in diagnosing complicated cases of HIV infection, so the counselling before and after testing is imperative to the diagnosis of HIV infection and risk behavior survey on the examinee should be as detailed as possible.

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“…Confirmation of HIV-2 infection by WB is sometimes difficult because a reactivity of some sera of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 major envelope glycoproteins [10]. Moreover, the molecular weight of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-2 in WB is dependent on the isolate and may therefore be difficult to define [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Prevalence of HIV-2 Antibodies in Different Population Subsets in The Netherlands

Poel¹,

Lelie²,

Reesink³

et al. 1989

Vox Sanguinis

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A serum panel obtained from male homosexuals (n = 278); i.v. drug abusers (n = 99), patients attending a VD clinic (n = 390), blood donors who visited Central or West Africa (n = 573), blood donors who had sexual contact with natives from Central or West Africa (n = 38), blood donors from Surinam, South America (n = 481), individuals positive for anti-HIV-1 (n = 94), individuals with indeterminate HIV-1 western blot (WB) reactions (n = 73), African patients with AIDS or AIDS-related symptoms (n = 30), and random Dutch blood donors (n = 555), was tested with HIV-2 ELISA (ELAVIA-2). Of these 2,611 samples, 32 (1.2%) were repeatedly reactive. Antibodies to gp140/105^env were found in 4/32 by HIV-2 WB, and in 1/4 by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA). These 4 HIV-2 WB-positive samples were also reactive with gp160/120^env in HIV-1 WB, suggesting cross-reactivity. In a spot test with synthetic peptides of the transmembrane glycoprotein of both HIV types, 3/4 were only HIV-1 positive and 1/4 was strongly HIV-2 positive and weakly HIV-1 positive. In inhibition assays with soluble HIV-1 or HIV-2 synthetic peptides in HIV-1 and HIV-2 peptide ELISA, cross-reactivity was excluded, which indicates an HIV variant or HIV-l/HIV-2 double infection. It is concluded that for the moment HIV-2 infection is at low prevalence in risk groups in The Netherlands, and that in addition to WB and RIPA, synthetic peptide assays are useful for differentiation between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies.

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Envelope Cross-Reactivity in Western Blot for Hiv-1 and Hiv-2 May Not Indicate Dual Infection

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Current antibody-based immunoassay algorithm failed to confirm three late-stage AIDS cases in China: case report

Diagnosis and Prevalence of HIV-2 Antibodies in Different Population Subsets in The Netherlands

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