Entry Flight Testing the Space Shuttle, 1977 to 1984

Cooke, D. R.; Engle, Joe H.

doi:10.2514/6.2016-3357

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Literature reports many entries in the Earth [5] or in the Mars [6] atmospheres. They can be controlled in the case of the flight of spatial vehicles, or totally uncontrolled in the case of natural bodies.…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Non-Equilibrium in Thermal Plasmas

Bultel

Morel

Annaloro

2019

Atoms

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In this paper, we analyze the departure from equilibrium in two specific types of thermal plasmas. The first type deals with the plasma produced during the atmospheric entry of a spatial vehicle in the upper layers of an atmosphere, specifically the one of Mars. The second type concerns the plasma produced during the laser-matter interaction above the breakdown threshold on a metallic sample. We successively describe the situation and give the way along which modeling tools are elaborated by avoiding any assumption on the thermochemical equilibrium. The key of the approach is to consider the excited states of the different species as independent species. Therefore, they obey to conservation equations involving collisional-radiative contributions related to the other excited states. These contributions are in part due to the influence of electrons and heavy particles having a different translation temperature. This ‘state-to-state’ approach then enables the verification of the excitation equilibrium by analyzing Boltzmann plots. This approach leads finally to a thorough analysis of the progressive coupling until the equilibrium asymptotically observed.

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Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%