Entropy production in the inflationary epoch using the Gouy–Stodola theorem

Longaresi, Rafael Henriques; Campos, S. D.

doi:10.1142/s0217751x22501494

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

2022

DOI: 10.1142/s0217751x22501494

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Entropy production in the inflationary epoch using the Gouy–Stodola theorem

Rafael Henriques Longaresi¹,

S. D. Campos²

Abstract: In this work, we use the Gouy–Stodola theorem to calculate the entropy production rate in the inflationary epoch of the universe. This theorem allows us the simple calculation of entropy and entropy production rate occasioned by the decaying of the inflaton scalar field. Both the entropy and entropy production rate achieve large values, agreeing with the expected values present in the literature.

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“…That shows that the universe is approaching thermal equilibrium. Whereas the results from the entropy predictions to the early universe [91][92][93] indicate that 'the rate of production of entropy increases during inflation' [91]. That shows that the universe is receding from thermal equilibrium.…”

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Emergence of cosmic space in Tsallis modified gravity from equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic perspective

Dheepika,

Mathew

2023

Phys. Scr.

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In the context of Tsallis entropy, we explore the connection between the law of emergence and the thermodynamic laws from a more accurate non-equilibrium perspective. Here, the equilibrium Clausius relation does not conform to the standard energy-momentum conservation. Therefore, an effective gravitational coupling is introduced to rewrite the field equation similar to general relativity, and the corresponding generalized continuity equation is obtained. As a result, thermodynamic laws were modified with the non-equilibrium energy dissipation and entropy production terms, using which we derive the law of emergence. The investigation of the law of emergence and the entropy maximization principle with Tsallis entropy in the non-equilibrium perspective shows that both result in the same constraints as obtained in other gravity theories and the equilibrium context of Tsallis entropy, except for an additional constraint on the Tsallis parameter as a result of extra entropy production. Consequently, the thermodynamic interpretation of the expansion of the universe stays valid even with quantum corrections to the horizon entropy since the correction terms in Tsallis entropy can be treated as the quantum corrections to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.

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Emergence of cosmic space in Tsallis modified gravity from equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic perspective

Dheepika,

Mathew

2023

Phys. Scr.

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On negative mass, partition function and entropy

Campos

2023

Mod. Phys. Lett. A

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This work examines some aspects related to the existence of negative mass. The requirement for the partition function to converge leads to two distinct approaches. Initially, convergence is achieved by assuming a negative absolute temperature, which results in an imaginary partition function and complex entropy. Subsequently, convergence is maintained by keeping the absolute temperature positive while introducing an imaginary velocity. This modification leads to a positive partition function and real entropy. It seems the utilization of imaginary velocity may yield more plausible physical results compared to the use of negative temperature, at least for the partition function and entropy.

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Use of the Gouy–Stodola Theorem in Classical Mechanic Systems: A Study of Entropy Generation in the Simple Pendulum

Longaresi

Campos

2022

The Phys. Educat.

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Both classical mechanics and thermodynamics live in the core of physics. They are two different aspects of the same thing, one can say. The thermodynamic equivalent of a mechanical system is one of the main achievements of the 19th century. Regarding only thermodynamics, the introduction of entropy, roughly defined in many textbooks as the unuseful energy present in a physical system, is a victory of Rudolf Clausius. Unlike energy, entropy can be produced in a physical system under certain conditions. We can act to increase the degree of disorder (statistical mechanics) in a physical system. Here, we propose to apply the entropy generation [Formula: see text]) concept to the simple pendulum by using a very unknown result: the Gouy–Stodola theorem. When considering the ideal case, where only conservative forces act on the system, one has [Formula: see text], and the entropy variation is null. However, as shall be seen, the entropy variation is not null all the time. Considering a nonconservative force proportional to the pendulum velocity, the amplitude of oscillations decreases to zero as [Formula: see text] grows. Then, [Formula: see text] may be related with the energy dissipation, as stated by the Gouy–Stodola theorem. Hence, as shall be seen, the greater the strength of the nonconservative force, the greater are both the energy dissipation and the time rate of entropy variation.

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Entropy production in the inflationary epoch using the Gouy–Stodola theorem

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Emergence of cosmic space in Tsallis modified gravity from equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic perspective

Emergence of cosmic space in Tsallis modified gravity from equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamic perspective

On negative mass, partition function and entropy

Use of the Gouy–Stodola Theorem in Classical Mechanic Systems: A Study of Entropy Generation in the Simple Pendulum

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