“…The information encoded in the base sequences of nucleic acids provides a rich “toolbox” to construct DNA switches; [ 1 ] DNA machines; [ 2–4 ] switchable DNA structures, [ 5,6 ] such as origami systems; and signal‐triggered binding [ 7,8 ] and catalytic [ 9,10 ] functions of nucleic acids (such as aptamers or DNAzymes). Different triggers to switch the functions of nucleic acids were reported, including the formation and dissociation of G‐quadruplex with K + ‐ions/crown ether, [ 11,12 ] the pH‐induced formation and dissociation of i‐motif [ 13–15 ] or triplex structures, [ 16–20 ] the light‐induced stabilization/destabilization of duplex nucleic acids by means of photoisomerizable trans / cis ‐azobenzene intercalators, [ 21,22 ] and the stabilization/destabilization of duplex nucleic acids by fuel/anti‐fuel strand displacement processes. [ 23,24 ] The advances in DNA nanotechnology [ 25–27 ] introduced a variety of nanostructures for electrochemical [ 28,29 ] and optical sensing, [ 30–32 ] and particularly for multiplexed sensing platforms [ 33–37 ] for the detection of genes, aptamer–ligand complexes, and microRNAs (miRNAs).…”