Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies

Individual determinants of entrepreneurship in Visegrád countries: Reflection on GEM data from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia

“…Decades of Soviet socialist regime and orientation towards central planning have changed the behaviour of people living in the countries and economic agents to the extent that some scholars introduced the term 'homo sovieticus' for the population living under the reign of the former regime (Shiller et al, 1992;Morawska, 1999). The process of economic transition and accompanying reforms was led by experts from abroad who helped to re-establish private ownership that was crucial for the future development of entrepreneurship in post-communist economies (Morwaska, 1999;Dana & Dana, 2003;Ovaska & Sobel, 2005;Wallace & Latcheva, 2006;Cieślik & van Stel, 2014;Dana & Ramadani, 2015;Sauka & Chepurenko, 2017;Kirby & Watson, 2017).…”

Administrative and legal measures to stimulate entrepreneurship in agriculture

“…The word combination "sustainable agriculture" is firmly entrenched in the scientific terms circulation and is associated with its use for the development of environmentally sustainable and profitable food production systems [6][7]. The modern AEE combines incentives for innovation [11] and at the same time agricultural dynasties [3][4]. All the incentive measures identified are based on the current legislation related to the implementation of agricultural activities, as well as strategies for the socio-economic and other development of certain territories.…”

“…In addition, the activities of small-scale farmers lead to poverty reduction in certain areas [13]. Interestingly, in studies of countries with economies in transition, scientists identify opportunities for grass-roots entrepreneurship [11]. In addition, it is generally accepted that natural entrepreneurship is increasingly being used as a way to facilitate the entry of small and medium-sized enterprises focused on co-innovation [9].…”

“…Certain territories, countries and regions require their own arsenal of state regulation tools. In particular, in modern Japan, state regulation of agriculture is aimed at saving agricultural land and providing a sufficient number of workers [8], in agriculture in transitional type of economy, the dominance of large international corporations is recognized [11].0…”

“…Predicting the formation of a unified agricultural development strategy, scientists are increasingly talking about the role in the provision of public goods, while they designate two vectors of regulation: market and state and try to assess the degree of each in promoting the provision of public goods to the population [10]. In recent decades, studies devoted to the territorial (macroeconomic or regional) aspects of entrepreneurship in agriculture have become widespread, which is justified, since climatic, natural-geographical and territorial features determine the specifics of the structure of agriculture, its focus, the need for state support [8][9][10][11].…”