Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Performance in Egypt: An Empirical Study Based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI)

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is a significant economic process in regional economic development. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Egyptian entrepreneurial ecosystem by using the global entrepreneurship index (GEI) data from 2006–2017. This empirical study provides an in-depth insight into the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem situation based on GEI methodology and its sub-indexes, pillars, and individual and institutional variables. Results revealed that the Egyptian entrepreneurial “Aspiration” pillars play a promising role in the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem, especially the “Process Innovation” and “Risk Capital” pillars. Although the entrepreneurial “Abilities” pillars appear as shortcomings in the Egyptian GEI, especially the "Opportunity Startup" and "Competition" pillars. Furthermore, Egyptian entrepreneurial “Attitudes” pillars are considered to be the main disadvantage of forming the Egyptian GEI score. Finally, the paper proved that the “Risk Acceptance” and “Networking” pillars appeared as the weakest aspect of the Egyptian entrepreneurship ecosystem. Consequently, developing national policies and strategies to enhance these two pillars will improve the Egyptian GEI score by 2%.

Digital Society Incubator: Combining Exponential Technology and Human Potential to Build Resilient Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

“…The model is aligned with discussion in the literature on national systems of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship ecosystems and the Triple Helix approach to local development (e.g., Acs et al 2014;Brem and Radziwon 2017;Brown and Mason 2017;Guerrero and Urbano 2017). In fact, by primarily leveraging the entrepreneurial attitudes and economic environment factors as both main pillars of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (Acs et al 2018) and the most significant drivers of economic growth, especially in the context of sustainability (Ali et al 2021), the proposed model aims to cultivate digital start-up initiatives and transform them into agents of social innovation (Faludi 2020). The model also aims to facilitate competence and skill development processes, thus contributing to shaping and building mindsets to lead the exponential evolution of society that is driven by technological disruption, and the renewed capacity to support technology-driven startups and ecosystems (e.g., Cohen et al 2017;Sussan and Acs 2017).…”

“…More recently, Ali et al (2021) undertook a study of entrepreneurship ecosystem performance in Egypt based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), whereas Pita et al (2021) studied entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiatives by building a multi-country taxonomy. Hajikhani (2020) also studied the impact of entrepreneurial ecosystems in smart cities by undertaking a comprehensive assessment of social media data.…”

An empirical study on entrepreneurial willingness and entrepreneurial rationality: based on an entrepreneurship questionnaire survey of Chinese college students

“…Risk averse entrepreneurs are hard to succeed. Blind risk preference, and easy to fail (Ali, et al 2021). But in terms of time, those who can operate for 3 to 8 years can be said to have successfully started a business.…”

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“…Por lo tanto, el ecosistema emprendedor es un sistema complejo, por la interacción de sus seis componentes que se interrelacionan entre sí y que, a decir de Ali et al (2021), se constituyen en áreas estratégicas del emprendimiento, estos son: el financiamiento, que refiere al acceso y disponibilidad de recursos que faciliten la creación o fortalecimiento del emprendimiento. La innovación hace mención a la habilidad y capacidad para innovar y desarrollar nuevas ideas emprendedoras (AEI, 2014).…”