Entrepreneurial Orientation of Public Universities in Republic of Serbia-Empirical Study

Abstract

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the activities of state universities in the Republic of Serbia. Using the ENTRE-U scale, the researchers have graded the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the employees at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. In the theoretical part, the detailed literature review is provided, which contributes to a better understanding of terms like entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial university. Using data from 282 respondents who work at the state universities in the Republic of Serbia, the researchers validate the ENTRE-U questionnaire in a specific context. With this, it is proven that the ENTRE-U scale is applicable not only for developed countries but also for the developing countries, such as the Republic of Serbia. The general conclusion is that with using the ENTRE-U scale, it is possible to predict the level of innovativeness, as well as the nature of innovative activities that are conducted at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. The entrepreneurially oriented universities differ from those which lack entrepreneurial orientation by the extent of their research mobilization, unconventional approaches, the level of cooperation with industries, and the way university policies are implemented.

Entrepreneurial Universities and Sustainable Development. The Network Bricolage Process of Academic Entrepreneurs

“…Academic entrepreneurship is one of the ways in which universities' knowledge is disseminated and exploited by industry [29,30], resulting in university start-ups [7]. It is an expression of the engagement of researchers in Knowledge Transfer Exchange (KTE) [6,31] in the context of the entrepreneurial university [9][10][11]17,32]. This model of university is characterized by the existence of a supportive ecosystem to the university community which produces, diffuses, absorbs, and uses new knowledge, and these actions can result on entrepreneurial initiatives [11].…”

Factors Influencing Individualistic Entrepreneurial Orientation

“…Hence, the formal role of universities as to provide fundamental knowledge, create the knowledge, disseminate the knowledge has been added by the commercialization of the knowledge as well (Memon, Qureshi, & Jokhio, 2020). Thus, the universities today have become the entrepreneurial commercial base or entrepreneurial universities as suggested by the triple-helix model that it is quite important that, universities, government and industry work together in the knowledge-economy in order to achieve the greatest good of all (Cvijić, Tatarski, Katić, Vekić, & Borocki, 2019).…”

“…However, the right alignment of all those three depends on the socio-cultural environment and the level of economic development of a country as the institutional cooperation seems to be weaker in developing countries (Cvijić et al, 2019). However, it has been observed through several studies that, the intention and motivation to act is at the core of their entrepreneurial process or in the establishment of an entrepreneurial organization.…”

Discussing the Role of Entrepreneurial Universities in COVID-19 Era in the Middle East

“…As a matter of fact, entrepreneurial universities display higher mobilization for research and cooperate more vigorously with the industry. They usually opt for unconventional approaches while effectively abiding by university policies (Cvijic et al, 2019).…”

“…Motivation: Entrepreneurial universities are pivotal in contemporary economic systems due to their significant contributions in innovation efforts. Part of their mission is seen in the commercialization of their scientific knowledge through the creation of spin-offs (Cvijic et al, 2019;O'shea et al, 2005;Rodrigues et al, 2019). The challenges and constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated the importance of coordinating the efforts of all parties including those of entrepreneurial universities in order to develop vaccines and generate healthcare solutions which could be patented and commercialized afterwards.…”